Recombinant TM2 domain-containing protein Y66D12A.21 (Y66D12A.21)
Description
General Characteristics of TM2 Domain-Containing Proteins
TM2 domain-containing proteins typically have a conserved N-terminal signal sequence and two transmembrane domains, which are connected by a short intracellular loop located close to the C-terminus . An evolutionarily conserved aspartate-arginine-phenylalanine (DRF) motif exists within this loop in some G-protein coupled receptors, mediating conformational changes upon ligand binding . The region located between the signal sequence and the first transmembrane domain varies among different species and among the three TM2D-containing proteins .
Functional Diversity
TM2 domain-containing proteins exhibit functional diversity. For example, in Plasmodium falciparum, a human pathogen that causes malaria, the 2TM superfamily contains over 200 genes encoding RIFINs, STEVORs, and PfMC-2TM proteins . These proteins have a semiconserved N-terminal region with a signal peptide, two conserved TM domains flanking a hypervariable loop, and highly conserved C-terminal residues with a lysine-rich C-terminal tail after the second TM domain . The hypervariable loop, displayed on infected erythrocytes, likely generates antigenic diversity . Most Pf2TM proteins also possess a PEXEL/HT motif that facilitates protein trafficking across the PVM.
Examples of TM2 Domain-Containing Proteins
Product Specs
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Target Background
KEGG: cel:CELE_Y66D12A.21
UniGene: Cel.106
Q&A
How is Y66D12A.21 related to other TM2D proteins across species?
Y66D12A.21 is part of a highly conserved family of TM2 domain-containing proteins found across metazoans. In each species, there are typically three separate TM2D genes:
| Species | TM2D Family Members |
|---|---|
| Humans | TM2D1, TM2D2, TM2D3 |
| Drosophila | Almondex (amx), CG11103/Amaretto (amrt), CG10795/Biscotti (bisc) |
| C. elegans | Y66D12A.21 and two other orthologs |
While the extracellular regions vary between species and among the three proteins, the sequences of the two transmembrane domains and the intracellular loop show high conservation throughout evolution . Proteomic data has detected physical interactions between TM2D1-TM2D3 and TM2D2-TM2D3, suggesting these proteins may form a functional protein complex .
What are the optimal experimental designs for studying Y66D12A.21 function in vivo?
For studying Y66D12A.21 function in vivo, I recommend implementing both quasi-experimental and full experimental designs:
Between-Subjects Design with Control Groups
A robust approach follows the untreated control group design with dependent pretest and posttest samples:
| Group | Measurement Flow |
|---|---|
| Experimental | O₁ₐ X O₂ₐ |
| Control | O₁ᵦ O₂ᵦ |
Where O represents observations and X represents the experimental manipulation (e.g., Y66D12A.21 knockout or overexpression) .
