As subunit 2 of cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV), recombinant MT-CO2 demonstrates:
Electron transfer capability: Mediates electron shuttling via its CuA center to the heme-copper binuclear site in subunit 1 .
Oxygen reduction: Catalyzes the four-electron reduction of O₂ to H₂O, critical for ATP synthesis .
Structural interactions: Binds cytochrome c through conserved lysine and glutamate residues (e.g., E129, D132) .
Functional assays show the recombinant protein maintains 80-90% activity compared to native isoforms when reconstituted into liposomes .
The recombinant MT-CO2 protein has been utilized in multiple experimental systems:
A commercial IHC kit (Proteintech KHC0575) using this recombinant protein demonstrates cross-reactivity with human, mouse, and rat tissues, enabling comparative mitochondrial studies .
Recent studies using recombinant MT-CO2 have revealed: