Research has explored the role of E8R through various experiments, including the characterization of temperature-sensitive mutants and protein-protein interaction studies .
Two temperature-sensitive mutants, Dts23 and Cts19, have been instrumental in studying E8R function .
Dts23 contains a missense mutation (L81F) in the E8R coding region .
Cts19 has a mutation (M1I) in the initiating methionine codon .
Dts23 virions produced at the non-permissive temperature (39.7 °C) contain reduced amounts of E8 and have a high particle-to-infectivity ratio. Cts19 virions grown at 31 °C also show reduced infectivity and do not contain detectable E8. Dts23 grown at 39.7 °C can enter cells but fails to synthesize early mRNA or produce CPE (cytopathic effect) .
Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screens have identified several candidate interacting human proteins with WR064 (COP-E8) . These interactions provide insights into how vaccinia viruses modulate host cells during infection .
E8 is essential for the formation of transcriptionally active virus cores . Studies using temperature-sensitive mutants indicate that while viral assembly can still occur without functional E8, the resulting virions are less infectious and have impaired transcriptional activity .
The following tables summarize key data regarding the E8 protein and its mutants: