Recombinant ndfip1 serves as a critical adaptor in ubiquitination cascades, exemplified by its interactions with key targets:
TRESK Channel Modulation:
Ndfip1 recruits NEDD4 ligases to ubiquitinate the TWIK-related spinal cord K⁺ (TRESK) channel, reducing its cell-surface expression and current amplitude in Xenopus oocytes. Co-immunoprecipitation assays confirm direct binding, and ubiquitination assays demonstrate proteasome-dependent degradation .
| Parameter | TRESK Current Reduction | Ubiquitination Level |
|---|---|---|
| With Ndfip1 | 60–70% decrease | High (MG132-sensitive) |
| With Dominant-Negative Nedd4 | No significant change | Low |
DMT1 Regulation:
Ndfip1 promotes ubiquitination and degradation of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), preventing iron overload in neurons. SH-SY5Y cells lacking ndfip1 show impaired DMT1 downregulation under cobalt exposure .
| Condition | DMT1 Protein Level | Ubiquitination |
|---|---|---|
| Ndfip1 Knockout | Increased | Reduced |
| Ndfip1 Overexpression | Decreased | Enhanced |
Parkinson’s Disease Models:
In rotenone-induced SH-SY5Y cells (a Parkinson’s model), ndfip1 overexpression reduces α-synuclein accumulation by 40% and caspase-3 activation by 35%, rescuing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) levels .
Iron Toxicity Mitigation:
Ndfip1-deficient neurons exhibit elevated iron uptake and oxidative stress, reversed by recombinant ndfip1 supplementation .
Treg Cell Metabolism:
Ndfip1 limits mTORC1 signaling and glycolysis in regulatory T cells, preventing aberrant proliferation and IL-4 secretion. Proteomic analyses reveal altered metabolic pathways in ndfip1-deficient Tregs .
Ndfip1 knockout mice exhibit impaired spatial memory linked to dysregulated Beclin 1 ubiquitination. Recombinant ndfip1 restores hippocampal proteostasis, highlighting its role in synaptic plasticity .
While Xenopus tropicalis ndfip1 shares >80% sequence homology with mammalian orthologs, functional studies highlight conserved roles:
Plays a potential role in Golgi apparatus structural maintenance.