Recombinant Xylella fastidiosa Maf-like protein PD_0415 (PD_0415)
Description
Introduction
Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) is a phytopathogenic bacterium recognized worldwide for causing detrimental diseases in various crops . The bacterium's complexity poses challenges in understanding its interaction mechanisms with host plants and plant microbial communities . Lipids are central to Xf's interaction with its host, where lipids like cis-2-monounsaturated fatty acids (diffusible signaling factors or DSFs) regulate Xf's lifestyle in Pierce’s disease of the grapevine, helping the switch from a planktonic stage to a sessile stage where the pathogen can form a biofilm that blocks the xylem sap flux .
Xylella fastidiosa and Virulence Factors
Xf has multiple toxin-antitoxin (TA) modules on its chromosome that are involved in virulence and stress survival . One TA system, named cvaC/cvi, is a putative component of the virulence process . The cvaC toxin belongs to the bacteriocin class, sharing homologies with the RTX protein recovered in Rizobium leguminosarum, a hemolysin and leukotoxin, that possibly plays a structural role in biofilm maturation .
Role of PD_0415
While specific details on the Maf-like protein PD_0415's function are not available, research indicates the importance of understanding proteins that contribute to X. fastidiosa's virulence and survival mechanisms. Virulence-associated genes such as PD1560, a nucleotidyltransferase family protein, facilitate Xfp-ST53 invasion of the xylem ecological niche by reducing microbial diversity and algH .
Bacteriocins and cvaC
Transcriptomic analysis has revealed the overexpression of a bacteriocin (cvaC-1) in Xylella fastidiosa . The cvaC toxin has a comparable structure with colicin V (Col-V) secreted by E. coli and other Enterobacteriaceae members . The peptide, synthesized as a 103 amino acids precursor molecule, is endowed with a leader 15-amino acid motif, is successively post-translationally modified during its secretion by the proteolytic cleavage of the leader to give rise to the 88 amino acid long mature protein .
Lipids and Plant Defense
Complex lipids, such as diacylglycerides, are crucial in several pathosystems for the onset of plant defenses . DAG36:4(18:1, 18:3) is induced by Xf . Complex lipids provide a substrate for lipases/esterases to produce active compounds, such as oxylipins and hormones . LesA, a lipase/esterase produced by different subspecies of Xf, is among the most secreted virulence factor during the interaction with the hosts .
Product Specs
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Target Background
KEGG: xft:PD_0415
