To confirm antibody specificity:
Western blot with knockout mutants: Compare protein extracts from wild-type and SBT3.3 knockout lines. Absence of a band in knockouts confirms specificity .
Peptide competition assays: Pre-incubate the antibody with the antigenic peptide used for immunization. Loss of signal indicates specificity .
Immunolocalization consistency: Cross-validate with transgenic lines expressing fluorescently tagged SBT3.3 (e.g., GFP fusions) .
SBT3.3 is tested against pathogens with distinct lifestyles:
Hormonal treatments: Expose plants to salicylic acid (SA) or methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and quantify SBT3.3 transcript levels via qRT-PCR .
Pathogen inoculation: Time-course experiments post-inoculation (e.g., 0, 24, 48 h.p.i.) with immunoblotting to track protein accumulation .
SBT3.3 enhances SA signaling while suppressing JA pathways:
Method: Use NahG (SA-deficient) and coi1 (JA-insensitive) mutants to assess dependency.
Data contradiction: Some studies report JA suppression via SBT3.3 , while others note context-dependent synergies . Resolve by profiling PDF1.2 (JA marker) and PR1 (SA marker) in overexpression lines .
Computational modeling: Use tools like RosettaAntibodyDesign (RAbD) to predict active-site residues .
Site-directed mutagenesis: Mutate catalytic triad residues (e.g., Asp-His-Ser) and test protease activity via caseinolytic assays .
Controls: Include IgG isotype controls and sbt3.3 knockout extracts to exclude nonspecific binding .
Buffer optimization: Use high-stringency buffers (e.g., 150–300 mM NaCl) to reduce background noise .
Crosslinkers: Apply formaldehyde for transient interactions (e.g., pathogen effector binding) .