Customize SMO2-2 Antibody

Description

Biological Roles of SMOC-2

SMOC-2 functions as a regulator in multiple pathological and physiological processes:

Cancer Biology

Ovarian Cancer: SMOC-2 localizes to endothelial cells in ovarian cancer tissues, suggesting a role in tumor angiogenesis .
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC): SMOC-2 promotes HCC cell proliferation by accelerating G1/S cell cycle transition through ERK/p38 MAPK signaling .
Endometrial Carcinoma: Elevated SMOC-2 expression correlates with poor prognosis and advanced tumor stages .

Fibrosis and Tissue Repair

Silencing SMOC-2 reduces kidney fibrosis by inhibiting fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transformation in murine models .
SMOC-2 interacts with extracellular matrix (ECM) components to modulate wound healing and tissue remodeling .

Bone Development

SMOC-2 enhances BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by upregulating RUNX2 expression .
RNA sequencing revealed SMOC-2 as a downstream target of BMP9 signaling during osteogenesis .

Technical Considerations

Cross-Reactivity: MAB5140 shows 15% cross-reactivity with human SMOC-1 but none with mouse SMOC-2 .
Storage: Most antibodies require storage at -20°C with avoidance of freeze-thaw cycles .
Validation: Proteintech’s 31063-1-AP validates SMOC-2 in HCT116 cells and mouse brain tissue , while Elabscience’s antibody confirms reactivity in human liver cancer samples .

Clinical Implications

SMOC-2’s dual role in promoting both tumor progression and tissue repair positions it as a potential therapeutic target. For instance, inhibiting SMOC-2 in cancers like HCC or endometrial carcinoma could suppress metastasis , while enhancing its activity might benefit bone regeneration therapies .

Product Specs

Buffer

Preservative: 0.03% Proclin 300
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4

Form

Liquid

Lead Time

Made-to-order (14-16 weeks)

Synonyms

SMO2-2; SMO1; At1g07420; F22G5.23; Methylsterol monooxygenase 2-2; Sterol 4-alpha-methyl-oxidase 1; AtSMO1; Sterol 4-alpha-methyl-oxidase 2-2

Target Names

SMO2-2

Uniprot No.

Q8VWZ8

Target Background

Function

SMO2-2 is a non-heme iron oxygenase that participates in sterol biosynthesis. Its preferred substrates are 24-ethylidenelophenol and 24-ethyllophenol.

Gene References Into Functions

SMO2-1 plays a crucial role in maintaining the correct sterol composition and function, partially through its influence on auxin accumulation and the auxin response, thereby regulating Arabidopsis embryogenesis and postembryonic development. PMID: 27006488
SMO2 is a functional homologue of Saccharomyces cerevisiae TRM112. Disruption of SMO2 primarily inhibits G2-M phase progression during organogenesis. PMID: 19929876

Database Links

KEGG: ath:AT1G07420

STRING: 3702.AT1G07420.1

UniGene: At.27344

Protein Families

Sterol desaturase family

Subcellular Location

Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.

Q&A

FAQs for SMOC-2 Antibody Research

Advanced Research Questions

How does SMOC-2 influence cell cycle progression in HCC, and what experimental models best capture this?
- Mechanistic Insights:
  - SMOC-2 increases S-phase cells (SPF) and proliferation index (PI) by upregulating cyclins (e.g., Cyclin D1) and downregulating p21 .
  - Preferred Models:
    - High-metastasis HCC lines (e.g., MHCC-97H) for lentivirus-based overexpression .
    - Co-culture systems with endothelial cells to study angiogenesis interactions .
How to reconcile contradictory data on SMOC-2’s role in different cancers?
- Case Analysis:
  - In HCC, SMOC-2 promotes proliferation via PI3K/AKT signaling , while in ovarian cancer, it localizes to endothelial cells and may have tumor-suppressive stromal effects .
  - Approach:
    
    Cancer Type SMOC-2 Function Key Assay
    Hepatocellular Pro-proliferative CCK-8, flow cytometry
    Ovarian Stromal regulation IHC (endothelial staining)
What are optimal protocols for detecting SMOC-2 in low-abundance samples?
- Sensitivity Enhancements:
  - Pre-amplify signals using tyramide-based amplification in IHC .
  - Combine western blotting with chemiluminescent substrates (e.g., ECL Prime) for low-expression tissues.
  - Validate with multiple antibodies (e.g., monoclonal MAB5140 vs. polyclonal ab198715) to reduce false negatives .

Cancer Type	SMOC-2 Function	Key Assay
Hepatocellular	Pro-proliferative	CCK-8, flow cytometry
Ovarian	Stromal regulation	IHC (endothelial staining)

Data Contradiction Analysis

Why do some studies report nuclear SMOC-2 localization while others show cytoplasmic staining?
- Resolution:
  - Epitope specificity determines observed localization. For example:
    - MAB5140 (anti-human SMOC-2) detects cytoplasmic SMOC-2 in ovarian cancer .
    - Antibodies targeting post-translationally modified SMOC-2 (e.g., phosphorylated forms) may show nuclear accumulation under specific conditions.
  - Recommendation: Include subcellular fractionation assays in experimental design.

Methodological Tables

Table 1: SMOC-2 Antibody Comparison

Antibody Clone	Target Region	Cross-Reactivity	Applications
MAB5140	Gln22-Gly446	15% with SMOC-1	IHC, WB
ab198715	C-terminal	None reported	IHC-P

Table 2: Functional Effects of SMOC-2 Modulation

Cell Line	SMOC-2 Status	Proliferation (CCK-8)	S-phase Fraction
MHCC-97H	siRNA knockdown	↓ 40%	↓ 15%
SMMC-7721	Overexpression	↑ 60%	↑ 22%

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SMO2-2 Antibody