FSD3 Antibody
Description
Overview of FZD3 Antibodies
FZD3 antibodies are monoclonal or polyclonal immunoglobulin reagents designed to bind specifically to the Frizzled-3 receptor, a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) involved in embryogenesis, neuronal development, and cell polarity regulation . These antibodies are pivotal in studying Wnt signaling dysregulation in diseases such as cancer and neurological disorders.
Target Antigen: Frizzled-3 (FZD3)
Research Applications
FZD3 antibodies are widely used in:
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Western blotting: Detects FZD3 in mouse brain (46–80 kDa isoforms) .
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Immunohistochemistry (IHC): Localizes FZD3 in neuronal profiles (mouse striatum and human cortex) .
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Immunofluorescence (IF): Visualizes FZD3 in Drosophila melanogaster CNS .
Example Protocol (IHC):
| Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
| Antibody Dilution | 1:200 (AFR-023) ; 0.5–5 µg/ml (MAB1001) |
| Blocking Peptide | Pre-incubation with BLP-FR023 abolishes staining . |
| Detection | AlexaFluor-488 (AFR-023) ; HRP-DAB (MAB1001) . |
Key Research Findings
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Neuronal Development: FZD3 is critical for axon guidance in mouse striatum, with immunoreactivity observed in neuronal cell surfaces .
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Cancer: Overexpression in melanoma and neuroblastoma correlates with Wnt pathway activation .
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Embryogenesis: Murine knockout models show defects in neural tube closure .
Product Specs
**Constituents:** 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4
Target Background
- FSD2 and FSD3 function as ROS scavengers, protecting the chloroplast nucleoids from oxidative damage during early chloroplast development. PMID: 18996978
Q&A
Here’s a structured collection of FAQs for researchers focusing on FSD3 Antibody (interpreted as FSTL3 Antibody based on contextual alignment with Follistatin-like protein 3 in the provided research materials):
Advanced Research Questions
How do experimental designs address contradictions in FSTL3’s dual role as both an oncogene and tumor suppressor?
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Context-dependent analysis: FSTL3 promotes metastasis in colorectal cancer via angiogenesis but inhibits proliferation in renal cell carcinoma. Use tissue-specific knockout models to isolate signaling pathways .
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Data reconciliation: Compare RNA-seq datasets from TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) with in vitro CRISPR-Cas9 screens to resolve conflicting roles.
What strategies mitigate variability in FSTL3 antibody performance across different detection platforms?
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Epitope mapping: Validate antibodies against recombinant FSTL3 fragments (e.g., FSD1 domain) using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) .
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Multiplex validation: Combine ELISA (for quantification) with functional assays (e.g., activin A neutralization tests) to confirm specificity .
How can FSTL3 antibody-based therapies overcome resistance mechanisms in diabetes or cancer?
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Neutralizing antibodies: FP-101 inhibits FSTL3-activin complexes, restoring β-cell function in murine models (e.g., increased insulin secretion by 40% in KO mice) .
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Combination therapies: Pair FSTL3 antibodies with PD-1 inhibitors to enhance T-cell infiltration in FSTL3-high tumors .
Methodological Challenges
How do researchers reconcile discrepancies between in vitro and in vivo FSTL3 antibody efficacy?
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Pharmacokinetic profiling: Track antibody half-life using radiolabeled FSTL3 antibodies in murine models.
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Tissue penetration analysis: Use fluorescently tagged antibodies to assess biodistribution in xenograft tumors .
What computational tools support the design of FSTL3-targeting antibodies with minimal off-target effects?
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Molecular docking: Predict binding affinities between FSTL3 epitopes and antibody CDR regions (e.g., using RosettaAntibody).
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Phylogenetic alignment: Avoid cross-reactivity with FST by targeting non-conserved regions (e.g., FSD1 domain) .
