STX11 Antibody
Description
Immunological Studies
-
T Cell Function: STX11 antibodies are used to study CD4 T cell-mediated B cell activation. Deficiencies in STX11 impair germinal center formation and antibody class switching, as shown in Stx11-deficient mice .
-
Cytotoxicity Assays: The antibody aids in analyzing degranulation in NK and CD8+ T cells by detecting surface mobilization of CD107a and CD40L .
TLR4 Transport
In macrophages, STX11 interacts with SNAP-23 to regulate stimulus-dependent TLR4 transport to the plasma membrane. Stx11 knockdown disrupts this process, leading to TLR4 degradation in lysosomes .
Neutrophil Degranulation
The antibody is used to study STX11’s role in neutrophil degranulation, where its absence reduces β-glucuronidase release and CD107a surface expression .
Research Insights
-
FHL-4 Pathogenesis: Mutations in STX11 cause familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 4 (FHL-4), characterized by impaired cytotoxic granule exocytosis and hypogammaglobulinemia .
-
SNARE Complex Dynamics: STX11 forms complexes with VAMP and SNAP-23, mediating membrane fusion in lysosomes and cytotoxic granules .
Validation and Cross-References
Product Specs
Target Background
- Neonatal platelets exhibit low levels of the Stx11-Munc18b complex (a critical component of the SNARE machinery) and of beta1-tubulin. These developmental deficiencies are associated with impairments in platelet adhesion, spreading, and secretion. PMID: 29044293
- Research suggests that STX11 plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of Peripheral T-cell lymphomas. This finding may contribute to the future development of new therapies for the treatment of Peripheral T-cell lymphomas. PMID: 26176172
- S-acylation plays a crucial role in the function of syntaxin 11 in natural killer (NK) cells. PMID: 24910990
- Stx11 functions as a t-SNARE for the final fusion of lysosomal granules (LG) at the immunological synapse (IS). PMID: 24227526
- Both human and murine mutants with complete loss of cytotoxic effector perforin (PRF1), Rab27A, and STX11 exhibit distinct severity of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). PMID: 23160464
- These data indicate that human neutrophils express syntaxin 11, suggesting a potential involvement of neutrophils in familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis pathology. PMID: 19259622
- Platelets deficient in syntaxin-11 from a Familial Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis type 4 exhibited secretion defects. PMID: 22767500
- Findings suggest that syntaxin 11 promotes the fusion of Rab27a-expressing vesicles with cytotoxic granules. This reveals additional complexity in the spatial/temporal segregation of subcellular structures involved in granule-mediated cytotoxicity. PMID: 21342435
- No detrimental mutations were identified in STX11 in Chinese children with Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. PMID: 21674762
- STX11 should be sequenced in HLH patients, even when impaired NK cell degranulation is not found. PMID: 21298754
- A novel homozygous deletion (c. 581_584delTGCC; p.Leu194ProfsX2) in the gene-encoding syntaxin 11 (STX11), causing a premature termination codon, was identified in a hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis patient. PMID: 19967551
- Mutations in STX11 are responsible for HLH in approximately 1% of North American patients. These mutations can cause variable defects in syntaxin 11 expression and function, resulting in a range of clinical phenotypes. PMID: 20486178
- A large group of 63 unrelated patients with Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) was analyzed for mutations in STX11, PRF1, and UNC13D. PMID: 16278825
- Defective cytotoxic lymphocyte degranulation is associated with syntaxin-11 deficient familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis 4 patients. PMID: 17525286
- Syntaxin 11 plays a role in natural killer (NK) cell granule exocytosis and in the generation of cell-mediated killing. PMID: 17785771
- DNA methylation of Stx11 contributes to disease susceptibility at the 6q24 locus in humans. PMID: 19169743
- Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 5 (FHL-5) is caused by mutations in Munc18-2 and impaired binding to syntaxin 11. PMID: 19804848
Q&A
FAQs for STX11 Antibody Research (Academic Focus)
Advanced Research Questions
-
How to design experiments for STX11 localization studies given its atypical topology?
-
What methodological approaches clarify STX11’s role in CRAC channel regulation?
-
How to resolve contradictions in STX11’s reported roles in cytokine regulation?
-
Cell-type-specific analysis: Compare IFN-γ responses in macrophages (STX11 upregulation) vs. T cells (exhaustion-linked IL-2 suppression) .
-
Pathogen-specific models: Test C. burnetii (STX11 restricts replication) vs. LCMV (STX11 deficiency attenuates HLH) .
-
Employ phosphoproteomics to identify post-translational modifications altering STX11 function.
-
Key Data Tables
Table 1: STX11 Antibody Validation Workflow
| Step | Method | Purpose | Citation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | shRNA knockdown | Confirm target specificity | |
| 2 | Co-IP with Orai1 | Verify interaction in resting cells | |
| 3 | Flow cytometry (AF647-α-bungarotoxin) | Quantify surface receptor retention |
Table 2: Functional Impacts of STX11 Depletion
Methodological Recommendations
-
For structural studies, use Drosophila Orai chimeras to bypass human STX11 degradation issues .
-
In viral infection models, pair LCMV challenge with single-cell RNA-seq to map exhaustion signatures in Stx11−/− CD8+ T cells .
-
For clinical correlations, profile STX11 expression in latent vs. active TB cohorts using Nanostring panels .
