STXBP1 Antibody

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Description

Antibody Characteristics

The STXBP1 antibody is primarily developed as a polyclonal rabbit IgG antibody, offering broad epitope recognition. Key features include:

ParameterDetails
Host/IsotypeRabbit IgG polyclonal antibody (e.g., Boster Bio PB9819, Proteintech 11459-1-AP)
ImmunogenSynthetic peptide (N-terminal region) or fusion protein (STXBP1 Ag1978)
Reactive SpeciesHuman, mouse, rat
Observed MW65–70 kDa (varies by protocol and sample preparation)
Calculated MW68 kDa (594 amino acids)

Applications

The antibody is validated for multiple techniques:

ApplicationDetails
Western Blot (WB)Detects STXBP1 in lysates (e.g., Hela, rat brain, mouse brain)
Immunohistochemistry (IHC)Stains STXBP1 in paraffin-embedded tissues (e.g., glioma)
Immunofluorescence (IF)Localizes STXBP1 in cells (e.g., Hela cells)
Flow Cytometry (FC)Intracellular staining of STXBP1 in A549 cells
ELISAMeasured in human, mouse, rat samples

Validation and Specificity

  • Western Blot: A specific band at 70 kDa was observed in human Hela lysates and rat/mouse brain tissues . Proteintech’s antibody shows reactivity between 65–68 kDa .

  • Immunohistochemistry: Stains neurons and glial cells, with no cross-reactivity reported .

  • Flow Cytometry: Demonstrates high specificity in A549 cells, with minimal background signal .

Research Applications

The STXBP1 antibody is pivotal in studying neurological disorders:

  • Epileptic Encephalopathy: Mutations in STXBP1 cause early infantile epileptic encephalopathy type 4 (EIEE4) . Antibody-based studies revealed reduced STXBP1 levels in mouse models of Stxbp1 haploinsufficiency, linked to impaired GABAergic neurotransmission .

  • Intellectual Disability and Movement Disorders: STXBP1 antibodies aid in diagnosing variants associated with broader neurodevelopmental phenotypes .

  • Synaptic Function: Used to investigate STXBP1’s role in regulating syntaxin and synaptic vesicle fusion .

Product Specs

Buffer
The antibody is provided as a liquid solution in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing 50% glycerol, 0.5% bovine serum albumin (BSA), and 0.02% sodium azide.
Form
Liquid
Lead Time
Typically, we can ship the products within 1-3 business days after receiving your order. The delivery time may vary depending on the purchasing method and location. Please consult your local distributor for specific delivery times.
Synonyms
FLJ37475 antibody; Munc 18 1 antibody; Munc 18a antibody; MUNC18 1 antibody; N-Sec1 antibody; Neuronal SEC1 antibody; NSec1 antibody; p67 antibody; Protein unc-18 homolog 1 antibody; Protein unc-18 homolog A antibody; Rb sec1 antibody; RBSEC1 antibody; STXB1_HUMAN antibody; STXBP1 antibody; Syntaxin binding protein 1 antibody; Syntaxin-binding protein 1 antibody; Unc 18 homolog antibody; Unc 18A antibody; Unc-18A antibody; Unc18 1 antibody; UNC18 antibody; Unc18-1 antibody
Target Names
Uniprot No.

Target Background

Function
STXBP1, also known as Syntaxin Binding Protein 1, plays a crucial role in regulating synaptic vesicle docking and fusion. It interacts with GTP-binding proteins, contributing to neurotransmission. STXBP1 is essential for proper synaptic function and binds to syntaxin, a key component of the synaptic vesicle fusion machinery, in a 1:1 ratio. While it interacts with syntaxins 1, 2, and 3, it does not interact with syntaxin 4. This suggests a role for STXBP1 in determining the specificity of intracellular fusion reactions.
Gene References Into Functions
  1. This analysis provides compelling evidence for DNA motif modulated mutagenesis in STXBP1 de novo splicing mutations. PMID: 29438995
  2. Glucose-dependent de-SUMOylation of tomosyn1 at K298 releases syntaxin1A and controls the amplification of exocytosis in coordination with a newly identified tomosyn1-interacting partner, the Ca(2+)-binding protein secretagogin. Secretagogin dissociates from tomosyn1 in response to Ca(2+)-raising stimuli and is required for insulin granule trafficking and exocytosis downstream of Ca(2+) influx. PMID: 28325894
  3. Significant alterations in protein expression were observed in various neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), including reduced STXBP1 in CLN1 disease brain. While post-mortem changes can be a confounding factor, this study provides a valuable starting point for identifying potential NCL biomarkers for further investigation. PMID: 28792770
  4. Mutated STXBP1 gene is associated with early-onset Epileptic Encephalopathy and severe psychomotor development retardation that manifests within 3 months of age. PMID: 29718889
  5. Mutations in STXBP1, encoding the syntaxin binding protein 1, can produce a phenotype similar to that observed with KCNQ2 mutations. PMID: 29067685
  6. A 9q33.3q34.11 microdeletion encompassing the STXBP1 gene has been identified in four patients with intellectual disability, epilepsy, nail dysplasia, and bone malformations. PMID: 26395556
  7. We report the case of a 19-month-old child with Ohtahara syndrome who exhibits a previously unreported mutation in STXBP1. This mutation is located within a donor splice site and eliminates exon 14, resulting in a truncated protein. PMID: 25631041
  8. A cohort study analyzing STXBP1 in 42 patients with epileptic encephalopathy identified four novel mutations: two splicing mutations, a frameshift mutation, and a nonsense mutation. PMID: 26384463
  9. M18L was localized to presynaptic inhibitory terminals and was associated with cognitive function and protection from dementia in the elderly. PMID: 26628003
  10. Reduced expression of STXBP1 leads to changes in the expression and localization of syntaxin-1 in pluripotent stem cells derived from epileptic encephalopathy patients. PMID: 26918652
  11. Seizure severity and intellectual disability were linked to STXBP1 encephalopathy patients. PMID: 26865513
  12. De novo mutations in STXBP1 are implicated in early-onset epilepsy. PMID: 26514728
  13. Partial STXBP1 loss of function significantly impairs neurotransmitter release in human neurons. This suggests that heterozygous STXBP1 mutations cause early epileptic encephalopathy specifically through a presynaptic impairment. PMID: 26280581
  14. The case described suggests a potential link between Rett syndrome and the STXBP1 gene, a connection not previously established. This finding underscores the importance of considering STXBP1 gene mutations in patients with Rett syndrome and early-onset epilepsy. PMID: 25714420
  15. A de novo mutation in STXBP1 was detected using exome sequencing along with profound impairment of complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain on muscle biopsy. These findings suggest a secondary impairment of mitochondrial function. PMID: 25418441
  16. Epileptic encephalopathy is associated with mutations in the STXBP1 genes. PMID: 25818041
  17. In vitro interaction assays indicated that Doc2b is essential for bridging the interaction between Munc18c and Munc18-1 in the macromolecular complex. Munc18c and Munc18-1 failed to associate in the absence of Doc2b. PMID: 25190515
  18. STXBP1 gene mutation was found in 1 out of 11 patients. PMID: 25008876
  19. STXBP1 mutations are associated with early epileptic encephalopathies. PMID: 24189369
  20. Recruitment of STXBP1 by the Rab27A effector SYTL4 promotes Weibel-Palade body exocytosis. PMID: 24700782
  21. GABRA1 and STXBP1 contribute significantly to Dravet syndrome. PMID: 24623842
  22. This study describes the clinical features of six new patients with an STXBP1 encephalopathy presenting as Ohtahara syndrome (2/6, 33%), West syndrome (1/65, 2%), and nonsyndromic early onset EE (3/64, 5%). PMID: 23409955
  23. Genomic deletions in the STXBP1 gene are associated with Ohtahara syndrome. PMID: 22211739
  24. Double knockdown of Munc18-1 and Munc18-2 in mast cells eliminates both IgE-dependent and ionomycin-induced degranulation and causes a significant reduction in syntaxin-11 without altering expressions of the other syntaxin isoforms examined. PMID: 23487749
  25. Munc18-1 plays a crucial role in the dynamics of trans-SNARE complex assembly and/or stabilization, a process essential for the docking of the outer acrosomal membrane to the plasma membrane and subsequent fusion pore opening. PMID: 23091057
  26. Mutation resulting in encephalopathy presenting as infantile spasms and generalized tremor. PMID: 21762454
  27. Mutations found in early onset epileptic encephalopathy and Ohtahara syndrome. PMID: 21770924
  28. Combining this study with previous findings, 3 de novo truncating STXBP1 mutations in 145 sporadic non-syndromic intellectual disability (NSID) cases (~2%) have been identified. PMID: 21364700
  29. Two de novo nucleotide alterations of STXBP1 were identified in two patients with Ohtahara and West syndrome, respectively. This is the first case report demonstrating that STXBP1 mutations cause West syndrome from the onset of epilepsy. PMID: 21204804
  30. Collectively, STXBP1 aberrations can account for approximately one-third of individuals with EIEE (14 of 43). These genetic and biological data clearly indicate that haploinsufficiency of STXBP1 is a significant cause of cryptogenic EIEE. PMID: 20887364
  31. This review summarizes recent advancements and proposes an updated model of the pleiotropic functions of Munc18-1 in neuroexocytosis. PMID: 20681955
  32. STXBP1 mutational analysis should be considered in the diagnostic evaluation of this challenging group of patients. PMID: 20876469
  33. Results identified syntaxin binding protein I, which exhibited elevated levels of protein carbonyls in the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) from subjects with mild cognitive impairment. PMID: 19686046
  34. Describes the cloning of mouse and human homologs of C. elegans UNC-18. PMID: 8824310
  35. Munc18a acts through direct and indirect interactions with X11 proteins and powerfully regulates APP metabolism and Abeta secretion. PMID: 12016213
  36. Ser-313, a Munc18-1 protein kinase C phosphorylation site, and Thr-574, a cyclin-dependent kinase 5 phosphorylation site, regulate Munc18-1/syntaxin1A interaction in HEK293-S3 and chromaffin cells. PMID: 15489225
  37. MUNC18-1 regulates early and late stages of exocytosis via syntaxin-independent protein interactions. PMID: 15563604
  38. Mediates exocytosis and decreases beta-amyloid peptide formation in Alzheimer disease. PMID: 16413130
  39. Syntaxin1A possesses distinct inhibitory and stimulatory domains that interact with ENaC subunits, critically determining the overall ENaC functionality/regulation under varying physiological conditions. PMID: 17200691
  40. Proteomic assessments of membrane microdomains in the prefrontal cortex, along with validation in two brain series, strongly implicates LAMP, STXBP1, and BASP1 in schizophrenia and supports the view of a neuritic and synaptic dysfunction in the neuropathology. PMID: 18268500
  41. De novo mutations in the gene encoding STXBP1 cause early infantile epileptic encephalopathy. PMID: 18469812
  42. Syntaxin 1 interaction with the dopamine transporter promotes amphetamine-induced dopamine efflux. PMID: 18617632

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Database Links

HGNC: 11444

OMIM: 602926

KEGG: hsa:6812

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000362399

UniGene: Hs.288229

Involvement In Disease
Epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 4 (EIEE4)
Protein Families
STXBP/unc-18/SEC1 family
Subcellular Location
Cytoplasm, cytosol. Membrane; Peripheral membrane protein.
Tissue Specificity
Brain and spinal cord. Highly enriched in axons.

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