Function
Synaptotagmin 11 (SYT11) is a member of the synaptotagmin family involved in vesicular and membrane trafficking. Unlike other family members, SYT11 does not bind calcium (Ca2+). It functions as an inhibitor of clathrin-mediated and bulk endocytosis, ensuring precise vesicle retrieval. SYT11 plays a crucial role in dopamine transmission by regulating endocytosis and the vesicle recycling process. It is an essential component of a neuronal vesicular trafficking pathway distinct from the synaptic vesicle trafficking pathway, but crucial for development and synaptic plasticity. In macrophages and microglia, SYT11 inhibits conventional cytokine secretion (at least IL6 and TNF) and phagocytosis. Within astrocytes, it regulates lysosome exocytosis, a mechanism vital for repairing damaged astrocyte cell membranes. Finally, SYT11 is required for ATP13A2-mediated regulation of the autophagy-lysosome pathway.