TAA1 Antibody
Description
Tumor-Associated Antigens (TAAs) and Autoantibodies
TAAs are cellular proteins aberrantly expressed during malignant transformation. Autoantibodies against TAAs serve as early biomarkers for cancer detection and therapeutic targets . Key mechanisms include:
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Diagnostic utility: Autoantibodies against TAAs like p53, cyclin B1, and TOP1 appear in sera years before clinical cancer diagnosis .
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Immune surveillance: Natural antibodies (e.g., SC-1) bind TAAs to induce tumor cell apoptosis or phagocytosis .
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Therapeutic synergy: Anti-TAA mAbs enhance T cell responses by promoting dendritic cell-mediated antigen presentation and inflammatory reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment .
TA-1 Monoclonal Antibody
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Applications:
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Reactivity:
Cell Type TA-1 Reactivity Peripheral T cells 75–100% Thymocytes 67% Monocytes 100% B cells 10%
Anti-TAA-1 in Bispecific Antibodies
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Structure: Combines anti-TAA-1 and anti-CD3ε chains to redirect T cells against tumors .
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Efficiency: A D84.4Q mutation in the BEAT (B) chain increases heterodimer assembly from 76% to 95%, minimizing homodimer formation .
Mechanistic Insights from Preclinical Models
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Self-vaccinal effect: Anti-TAA mAbs trigger dendritic cells to cross-present tumor antigens, activating CD8+ T cells .
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Cytokine reprogramming: Anti-TAA mAbs induce intratumoral "cytokine storms" (e.g., MIP-2, IL-6) that enhance immune cell infiltration .
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Synergy with checkpoint inhibitors: Anti-TAA mAbs convert non-responding tumors to immunologically "hot" states, improving responses to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade .
Clinical Implications
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Prognostic value: Autoantibodies against TAAs like CENP-A correlate with cancer relapse .
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Therapeutic limitations: Some TAAs are shared with autoimmune diseases (e.g., SLE, scleroderma), complicating antibody specificity .
Challenges and Future Directions
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Antigen heterogeneity: TAAs vary across cancer types, necessitating personalized antibody designs .
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Phosphorylation-dependent regulation: In plants, TAA1 enzymatic activity is modulated by TMK4-mediated phosphorylation at T101, suggesting post-translational modifications as therapeutic targets in human TAAs .
Product Specs
Target Background
This antibody targets tryptophan aminotransferase of Arabidopsis thaliana (TAA1), a key enzyme in auxin (indole-3-acetic acid or IAA) biosynthesis. TAA1 catalyzes the conversion of L-tryptophan and pyruvate to indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPA) and alanine, representing the initial step in the IPA branch of the auxin biosynthetic pathway. Auxin, a crucial plant hormone, regulates numerous developmental processes and responses to environmental stimuli. TAA1's activity is essential for auxin production, driving growth alterations in response to various developmental and environmental cues. The enzyme also exhibits activity with other amino acids including phenylalanine, tyrosine, leucine, alanine, methionine, and glutamine. Proper auxin levels, crucial for processes such as root development and embryo patterning, depend on the coordinated action of TAA1, TAR1, and TAR2. TAA1 is particularly important for maintaining root stem cell niches and mediating shade avoidance responses.
- ARR proteins are pivotal regulators of auxin biosynthesis, integrating hormonal, environmental, and developmental signals to transcriptionally control the expression of TAA1. PMID: 28931628
- Under aluminum stress conditions, ethylene signaling upregulates TAA1 expression in the root transition zone, leading to auxin-mediated root growth inhibition via various auxin response factors (ARFs). PMID: 25052716
- The ckrc1 mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana encodes a non-functional tryptophan aminotransferase (TAA1), highlighting its role in the indole-3-pyruvic acid pathway of IAA biosynthesis. PMID: 21255165
- Biochemical analyses have identified WEI8 as encoding TAA1, a key enzyme in the indole-3-pyruvic acid branch of auxin biosynthesis; TAA1 corresponds to the gene At1g70560. PMID: 18394997
