TCF15 Antibody, HRP conjugated

What is TCF15 and what are its key biological functions?

TCF15 (Transcription Factor 15) is a basic helix-loop-helix protein that functions as an early transcriptional regulator involved in mesoderm patterning and lineage determination of mesoderm-derived cell types . Recent research has revealed that TCF15 plays a crucial role in hematopoiesis, specifically in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) quiescence and long-term self-renewal . Studies have demonstrated that TCF15 is both required and sufficient to drive HSC quiescence, with its disruption impairing long-term regenerative capacity and engraftment potential . Notably, overexpression of TCF15 inhibits HSC proliferation and leads to enrichment of long-term HSCs, suggesting its importance in maintaining the functional state of these stem cells .

What are the primary applications for TCF15 HRP-conjugated antibodies?

TCF15 HRP-conjugated antibodies are primarily used in several key applications:

• ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay): All variants of TCF15 HRP-conjugated antibodies are suitable for ELISA applications with recommended dilutions typically around 1:1000 .

• Western Blotting (WB): Certain variants, particularly those targeting the AA 81-107 region, are validated for Western Blot analysis at dilutions ranging from 1:100-500 .

• Immunohistochemistry (IHC): Some variants have demonstrated utility in immunohistochemical applications, especially for detecting TCF15 expression in tissue sections .

These antibodies are particularly valuable for researchers studying stem cell biology, developmental processes, and hematopoietic regulation, as they enable detection and quantification of TCF15 protein in various experimental contexts .

What are the key differences between TCF15 antibodies targeting different epitopes?

Different TCF15 antibodies target distinct epitope regions, which affects their specificity and utility in various applications:

The choice between these antibodies should be based on the specific experimental requirements, including the species being studied, the application technique, and whether cross-reactivity is desired or should be avoided .

What are the optimal storage and handling conditions for TCF15 HRP-conjugated antibodies?

For maximum stability and activity retention of TCF15 HRP-conjugated antibodies:

• Storage temperature: Store at -20°C or -80°C upon receipt .

• Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, as these can significantly reduce antibody activity and increase non-specific binding .

• Buffer composition: These antibodies are typically supplied in buffer containing 50% glycerol, 0.01M PBS at pH 7.4, with 0.03% Proclin 300 as a preservative .

• Safety considerations: Exercise caution when handling as these preparations contain Proclin, which is classified as a hazardous substance and should be handled by trained personnel .

• Formulation: The antibodies are provided in liquid form, which facilitates aliquoting before storage to minimize freeze-thaw cycles .

Following these storage guidelines will help maintain antibody performance and extend shelf life for research applications.

How can TCF15 HRP-conjugated antibodies be optimized for detection in hematopoietic stem cell research?

Optimizing TCF15 HRP-conjugated antibodies for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) research requires several technical considerations:

• Sample preparation: Since TCF15 plays a critical role in HSC quiescence, careful isolation of the stem cell population is essential. For bone marrow samples, use gentle cell isolation techniques that preserve the quiescent state of HSCs, as research has shown that disrupting Tcf15 specifically affects the long-term HSC (LT-HSC) population .

• Fixation protocol adjustment: For detecting TCF15 in quiescent versus cycling HSCs, optimize fixation times to preserve epitope accessibility. Quiescent HSCs may require different fixation parameters than actively cycling cells due to chromatin compaction differences .

• Signal amplification: When studying rare HSC populations, incorporate tyramide signal amplification (TSA) with the HRP-conjugated antibodies to enhance detection sensitivity, especially important when quantifying the 20.8-fold enrichment in LT-HSCs observed with TCF15 overexpression .

• Multiplexing strategy: Combine TCF15 antibody detection with HSC markers (e.g., cKit) for accurate identification of stem cell populations. This approach aligns with single-cell RNA-seq analyses that identified TCF15-overexpressing cells predominantly in quiescent HSC clusters .

• Quantification methods: Develop robust image analysis pipelines that can accurately measure nuclear TCF15 levels in individual cells, enabling correlation with cell cycle status and stem cell functionality .

These optimizations are particularly important when investigating TCF15's role in regulating the functional LT-HSC state and its impact on hematopoietic regeneration .

What are effective troubleshooting strategies for non-specific binding with TCF15 HRP-conjugated antibodies?

When encountering non-specific binding with TCF15 HRP-conjugated antibodies, implement these advanced troubleshooting approaches:

• Blocking optimization matrix:

• Antibody titration: Perform a comprehensive dilution series beyond the recommended 1:1000 for ELISA or 1:100-500 for Western blotting . Plot signal-to-noise ratio at each dilution to identify the optimal concentration.

• Cross-adsorption: For samples with persistent cross-reactivity, pre-adsorb the antibody with proteins from non-target species or tissues to remove antibodies that might cause non-specific binding.

• Buffer modifications: Adjust salt concentration (150-500 mM NaCl) and detergent levels (0.05-0.3% Tween-20) in wash buffers to reduce non-specific hydrophobic interactions while maintaining specific binding.

• Sequential epitope mapping: If persistent non-specific binding occurs, consider switching to antibodies targeting different TCF15 epitopes (e.g., from AA 24-199 to AA 81-107) to determine if the issue is epitope-specific .

• HRP activity control: Include a direct HRP activity assay to distinguish between non-specific antibody binding and potential peroxidase activity in the sample, particularly important when working with highly vascularized tissues that contain endogenous peroxidases.

These strategies should be systematically tested and documented to establish optimal conditions for specific TCF15 detection in your experimental system.

How can researchers validate TCF15 antibody specificity in the context of CRISPR knockout experiments?

Validating TCF15 antibody specificity using CRISPR knockout controls requires a systematic approach:

• CRISPR knockout design: Design sgRNAs targeting essential functional domains of TCF15, similar to the lentiviral-mediated Tcf15 CRISPR knockout approach described in hematopoietic research . Create multiple knockout lines using different guide RNAs to eliminate antibody binding epitopes.

• Validation workflow:

  a. Genomic validation: Confirm knockout by sequencing the targeted locus

  b. Transcript validation: Verify reduction/absence of TCF15 mRNA using RT-qPCR

  c. Antibody validation matrix:

• Epitope-specific validation: Since different antibodies target distinct regions (AA 24-199 vs. AA 81-107), assess each antibody separately against the same knockout samples to determine epitope-specific recognition patterns .

• Rescue experiments: Reintroduce wild-type TCF15 or epitope-modified variants to confirm that antibody reactivity is restored, providing definitive evidence of specificity.

• Competitive binding assay: Pre-incubate antibodies with recombinant TCF15 protein (specifically the 24-199AA region used as immunogen) before application to samples, which should abolish specific staining while leaving any non-specific binding intact .

This comprehensive validation approach ensures that signals detected using TCF15 HRP-conjugated antibodies genuinely represent the target protein rather than cross-reactive species or artifacts.

How do different experimental conditions affect the performance of TCF15 HRP-conjugated antibodies in ELISA?

Experimental conditions significantly impact the performance of TCF15 HRP-conjugated antibodies in ELISA systems:

• Antigen immobilization strategies:

• Temperature effects: While standard ELISAs are typically performed at room temperature, kinetic studies have shown that antibody-antigen binding kinetics for TCF15 can be optimized at different temperatures:

  • 4°C: Slower binding but potentially higher specificity

  • 25°C: Standard condition with balanced kinetics

  • 37°C: Faster binding but potentially increased non-specific interactions

• Buffer composition optimization:

  • pH range: Test narrow range (pH 7.2-7.8) to determine optimal binding conditions

  • Ionic strength: Adjust NaCl concentration (100-200mM) to optimize electrostatic interactions

  • Detergent: Tween-20 at 0.05-0.1% balances reduction of non-specific binding without disrupting specific interactions

• Signal development kinetics: With HRP-conjugated antibodies, the signal development time significantly impacts assay performance:

  • Short development (1-5 min): Lower sensitivity but better linearity

  • Medium development (5-15 min): Balanced sensitivity and linearity

  • Extended development (>15 min): Highest sensitivity but potential loss of linearity at high antigen concentrations

• Cross-platform comparison: Performance of the same TCF15 HRP-conjugated antibody can vary between plate-based ELISA and bead-based multiplex systems, requiring specific optimization for each platform .

Understanding these variables allows researchers to systematically optimize ELISA conditions for specific research questions, whether detecting native TCF15 in biological samples or measuring binding kinetics of TCF15 with potential interaction partners.

What methodological approaches are recommended for studying TCF15 in the context of stem cell quiescence?

To effectively investigate TCF15's role in stem cell quiescence, researchers should implement these methodological approaches:

• Inducible expression systems: Utilize doxycycline-inducible TCF15 transgene systems similar to those that demonstrated TCF15 overexpression inhibits HSC proliferation and leads to enrichment of LT-HSCs . This approach provides temporal control over TCF15 expression and enables direct assessment of its impact on stem cell states.

• Cell cycle analysis protocol:

  • Fix cells with 70% ethanol overnight

  • Stain with propidium iodide (50 μg/ml) containing RNase A

  • Analyze by flow cytometry to quantify G0/G1, S, and G2/M populations

  • Apply specialized quiescence markers (e.g., Ki-67 negative, pyronin-Y low) to distinguish true G0 from G1

• Transplantation experiments: Implement primary and secondary transplantation assays as described in the literature, where TCF15 CRISPR knockout partially impaired peripheral blood and bone marrow engraftment in primary transplants but fully abrogated long-term engraftment in secondary transplantation .

• Single-cell analysis workflow:

  • Isolate cKit+ marrow fraction

  • Perform single-cell RNA sequencing

  • Analyze transcriptional profiles to identify quiescent HSC clusters

  • Correlate TCF15 expression with quiescence signatures

  • Validate findings using flow cytometry for protein-level confirmation

• Competitive repopulation strategy:

• Mechanistic pathway analysis: Combine TCF15 manipulation with inhibitors of known quiescence regulators to establish pathway hierarchies and interdependencies.

These methodological approaches provide a comprehensive framework for investigating TCF15's specific role as one of the few HSC-restricted transcription factors regulating the functional LT-HSC state .

What are the recommended dilutions and conditions for using TCF15 HRP-conjugated antibodies in different applications?

Optimal working conditions for TCF15 HRP-conjugated antibodies vary by application and specific antibody clone:

For all applications, it is recommended to prepare dilutions fresh before use and determine the optimal working dilution for each specific experimental system. Include both positive and negative controls to validate staining patterns .

How can researchers distinguish between specific and non-specific signals when using TCF15 HRP-conjugated antibodies?

Distinguishing specific from non-specific signals requires implementation of rigorous controls and analytical approaches:

• Essential controls panel:

• Signal validation criteria:

  • Subcellular localization: TCF15 should show predominantly nuclear localization consistent with its function as a transcription factor

  • Molecular weight: In Western blots, specific band should correspond to predicted MW of TCF15

  • Expression pattern: Signal should be enriched in tissues/cells known to express TCF15, particularly in hematopoietic stem cells

• Technical signal-to-noise enhancement:

  • Optimize blocking with 5% BSA in TBS-T or specialized blocking reagents

  • Include 0.05% Tween-20 in wash buffers

  • Consider using H2O2 pre-treatment to quench endogenous peroxidase activity

  • For tissue sections, perform antigen retrieval optimization matrix varying pH and temperature

• Quantitative analysis:

  • Calculate signal-to-noise ratios across different antibody concentrations

  • Plot dose-response curves to identify linear detection range

  • Apply spectral unmixing algorithms for multiplexed applications to separate specific signals

These approaches collectively provide a framework for confident discrimination between specific TCF15 detection and technical artifacts .

What are the compatibility considerations when using TCF15 HRP-conjugated antibodies in multiplex immunoassays?

When incorporating TCF15 HRP-conjugated antibodies into multiplex immunoassays, several compatibility factors must be addressed:

• Signal separation strategies:

• HRP inactivation protocol for sequential detection:

  • Apply 3% H2O2 in PBS for 10 minutes at room temperature

  • Alternatively, use 0.1M HCl for 10 minutes followed by thorough washing

  • Validate complete inactivation with substrate before applying subsequent antibodies

• Buffer compatibility analysis:

  • Ensure all antibodies in the multiplex panel perform optimally in the same buffer system

  • Test for competitive binding when targeting multiple nuclear proteins

  • Consider sequential application with intervening fixation steps for challenging combinations

• Target abundance balancing:

  • When TCF15 expression is significantly lower than other targets, apply the TCF15-HRP antibody first with amplification

  • For targets with similar abundance, balance antibody concentrations to achieve comparable signal intensities

• Cross-reactivity prevention:

  • Pre-adsorb antibodies against tissues/cells lacking target expression

  • Validate specificity of each antibody individually before combining

  • Include single-stain controls alongside multiplex samples for signal validation

These considerations are particularly important when studying TCF15 in complex tissue contexts, such as bone marrow, where distinguishing stem cell populations from surrounding cells requires precise multiplexed detection systems .

How do different fixation and permeabilization methods affect TCF15 antibody performance in immunocytochemistry?

Fixation and permeabilization methods significantly impact TCF15 antibody performance in immunocytochemistry:

• Comparative analysis of fixation methods:

• Permeabilization optimization for nuclear TCF15 detection:

  • For PFA-fixed cells: 0.1-0.3% Triton X-100, 10 minutes at room temperature

  • For methanol-fixed cells: Additional permeabilization often unnecessary

  • For difficult-to-access nuclear epitopes: 0.5% SDS, 5 minutes (extreme but effective)

• Antigen retrieval methods for improved detection:

  • Heat-induced epitope retrieval: Citrate buffer (pH 6.0), 95-100°C, 10-20 minutes

  • Enzymatic retrieval: Proteinase K (1-5 μg/ml), 5-10 minutes at 37°C

  • pH-dependent retrieval: Test both acidic (citrate, pH 6.0) and basic (Tris-EDTA, pH 9.0) buffers

• Cell type-specific considerations:

  • For hematopoietic stem cells: Gentle fixation (2% PFA, 10 min) preserves delicate morphology

  • For adherent cell lines: Standard fixation (4% PFA, 15 min) provides good structural preservation

  • For bone marrow sections: Extended fixation (4% PFA, 24 h) followed by decalcification requires more aggressive retrieval

• Validation strategy:

  • Test multiple fixation/permeabilization combinations with the same cell type

  • Document subcellular localization patterns for each method

  • Compare signal intensity and background levels quantitatively

  • Select optimal protocol based on signal-to-noise ratio and biological relevance of staining pattern

These parameters should be systematically optimized when establishing TCF15 immunocytochemistry protocols, particularly when studying its role in specialized contexts like hematopoietic stem cell quiescence .

What are the key considerations for antibody validation when studying TCF15 in novel experimental systems?

When validating TCF15 antibodies for novel experimental systems, researchers should implement a comprehensive validation framework:

• Orthogonal validation strategy:

• System-specific validation requirements:

  • For novel cell types: Compare TCF15 expression with published single-cell RNA-seq databases

  • For new disease models: Establish baseline expression in healthy controls before interpreting pathological changes

  • For developmental studies: Validate against known TCF15 expression patterns in mesoderm development

• Technical validation parameters:

  • Limit of detection (LOD): Determine minimum detectable TCF15 concentration

  • Dynamic range: Establish linear range of signal response

  • Specificity: Confirm absence of cross-reactivity with related bHLH family proteins

  • Reproducibility: Document inter-assay and inter-lot variability

• Application-specific validation:

  • For chromatin studies: Verify TCF15 antibody compatibility with crosslinking agents

  • For proteomics applications: Validate antibody performance in immunoprecipitation

  • For live-cell studies: Determine if antibody binding affects TCF15 function

• Biological validation in context of known TCF15 functions:

  • Confirm detection of TCF15 in hematopoietic stem cells where its role in quiescence has been established

  • Validate correlation between TCF15 detection and functional stem cell properties

  • Assess whether antibody can distinguish between active and inactive forms of TCF15

This systematic validation approach provides confidence when applying TCF15 antibodies to novel biological questions or experimental systems, ensuring that findings reflect authentic TCF15 biology rather than technical artifacts.

How can TCF15 HRP-conjugated antibodies be utilized to investigate the role of TCF15 in lineage determination?

TCF15 HRP-conjugated antibodies offer powerful approaches for investigating lineage determination processes:

• Developmental timing analysis:

  • Apply antibodies to track TCF15 expression during critical developmental windows

  • Correlate protein levels with mesoderm patterning and differentiation events

  • Combine with lineage-specific markers to identify cells undergoing fate decisions

• Lineage tracing methodology:

  • Implement TCF15 antibody staining in conjunction with genetic lineage tracing

  • Use single-cell analysis to correlate TCF15 protein levels with lineage commitment

  • Apply clonal analysis techniques to track progeny of TCF15-expressing cells

• Cell fate decision investigation protocol:

  • Isolate mesoderm-derived progenitors at sequential developmental stages

  • Quantify TCF15 levels by flow cytometry using HRP-conjugated antibodies

  • Sort cells based on TCF15 expression levels for functional assays

  • Correlate TCF15 levels with differentiation potential using colony-forming assays

• Chromatin regulation studies:

  • Combine TCF15 immunodetection with chromatin accessibility analysis

  • Identify TCF15-bound enhancers that regulate lineage-specific genes

  • Correlate TCF15 occupancy with epigenetic modifications at lineage-determining loci

• Quantitative image analysis approach:

  • Develop automated detection of nuclear TCF15 levels in tissue sections

  • Create computational pipelines to correlate TCF15 intensity with positional information

  • Apply machine learning algorithms to identify patterns associated with specific lineage outcomes

These approaches leverage the specificity of TCF15 HRP-conjugated antibodies to investigate this transcription factor's reported role in patterning the mesoderm and determining cell fates derived from mesoderm , complementing its established function in hematopoietic stem cell regulation .

What are the methodological approaches for studying TCF15 interaction with other transcriptional regulators?

Investigating TCF15 interactions with other transcriptional regulators requires specialized methodological approaches:

• Co-immunoprecipitation protocol optimization:

  • Use TCF15 antibodies for pull-down experiments from nuclear extracts

  • Apply stringent washing conditions (150-300mM NaCl) to eliminate non-specific interactions

  • Analyze precipitated complexes by mass spectrometry to identify novel interaction partners

  • Validate interactions with reciprocal co-IP using antibodies against identified partners

• Proximity ligation assay (PLA) methodology:

  • Apply TCF15 HRP-conjugated antibody in combination with antibodies against suspected interaction partners

  • Optimize fixation to preserve nuclear architecture and protein complexes

  • Employ rolling circle amplification to visualize interaction events in situ

  • Quantify interaction signals in different cellular contexts (e.g., quiescent vs. cycling stem cells)

• ChIP-seq experimental design:

  • Perform sequential ChIP (re-ChIP) to identify genomic loci co-occupied by TCF15 and partner factors

  • Compare binding profiles under different biological conditions (e.g., stem cell quiescence vs. differentiation)

  • Integrate with transcriptomic data to identify cooperatively regulated genes

  • Validate key target genes using reporter assays

• Protein-fragment complementation assay approach:

  • Generate fusion constructs between TCF15 and split reporter protein fragments

  • Create similar constructs for potential interaction partners

  • Measure reconstituted reporter activity as indication of protein-protein interaction

  • Map interaction domains through truncation analysis

• FRET-based interaction analysis:

  • Create fluorescently-tagged TCF15 and partner proteins

  • Measure energy transfer as indication of protein proximity

  • Apply in living cells to capture dynamic interaction events

  • Correlate interaction timing with cellular processes (e.g., cell cycle progression)

These methodologies provide complementary approaches to understand how TCF15 functions within transcriptional complexes to regulate stem cell quiescence and lineage determination, building upon findings that TCF15 serves as a key transcriptional regulator in hematopoietic stem cells .

How can researchers integrate TCF15 protein detection with transcriptomic analysis in single-cell studies?

Integrating TCF15 protein detection with transcriptomics at the single-cell level requires sophisticated methodological approaches:

• Multimodal single-cell analysis workflow:

• CITE-seq implementation:

  • Conjugate TCF15 antibodies to DNA barcodes instead of HRP

  • Simultaneously capture surface protein markers and transcriptomes

  • Analyze protein-RNA relationships at population level

  • Identify cellular states where TCF15 protein and mRNA levels are discordant

• Spatial transcriptomics integration:

  • Apply TCF15 immunodetection to tissue sections

  • Perform spatial transcriptomics on adjacent sections

  • Computationally align protein and RNA maps

  • Analyze spatial patterns of TCF15 protein distribution relative to its mRNA expression domains

• Temporal analysis approach:

  • Create time-course experiments with matched protein and RNA measurements

  • Track dynamics of TCF15 protein accumulation versus mRNA expression

  • Identify potential post-transcriptional regulation mechanisms

  • Correlate temporal patterns with functional outcomes (e.g., quiescence entry)

• Mechanistic investigation:

  • Identify genes whose expression correlates with TCF15 protein levels

  • Compare to TCF15 mRNA correlations to distinguish direct transcriptional targets

  • Perform perturbation experiments to validate regulatory relationships

  • Develop predictive models of TCF15-dependent gene regulatory networks

This integrated approach builds on findings that TCF15-overexpressing cells were almost exclusively restricted to quiescent HSC clusters in single-cell RNA-seq analysis , enabling researchers to further dissect the relationship between TCF15 protein levels and transcriptional states in stem cell biology.

What are emerging applications of TCF15 antibodies in regenerative medicine research?

Emerging applications of TCF15 antibodies in regenerative medicine research focus on leveraging TCF15's role in stem cell regulation:

• Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation enhancement:

  • Use TCF15 antibodies to identify and isolate optimal HSC populations with enhanced long-term repopulation potential

  • Develop strategies to modulate TCF15 expression to improve HSC engraftment

  • Apply TCF15 detection to monitor HSC quiescence status post-transplantation

  • Explore TCF15 manipulation for ex vivo HSC expansion while preserving stemness

• Tissue regeneration monitoring:

  • Track TCF15 expression during regenerative processes in mesoderm-derived tissues

  • Correlate TCF15 levels with activation of tissue-resident stem cells

  • Develop TCF15-based biomarkers for regenerative potential assessment

  • Use TCF15 antibodies to identify cells with enhanced regenerative capacity

• Cellular reprogramming optimization:

  • Monitor TCF15 expression during conversion of somatic cells to stem-like states

  • Determine if TCF15 manipulation can enhance reprogramming efficiency

  • Apply TCF15 antibodies to verify acquisition of appropriate stem cell molecular signatures

  • Develop reporters based on TCF15 antibody epitopes to track reprogramming in real-time

• Ex vivo stem cell manipulation:

  • Employ TCF15 antibodies for quality control in stem cell manufacturing

  • Develop sorting strategies based on TCF15 expression to purify cells with desired properties

  • Use TCF15 detection to validate stem cell products before clinical application

  • Implement TCF15-based release criteria for stem cell therapies

• Disease modeling applications:

  • Apply TCF15 antibodies to detect abnormal stem cell states in disease models

  • Correlate TCF15 expression with dysfunction in hematopoietic disorders

  • Explore TCF15 as a potential therapeutic target for conditions involving stem cell dysregulation

  • Develop diagnostic approaches based on TCF15 detection for stem cell-related pathologies

These emerging applications build upon foundational research demonstrating TCF15's critical role in regulating hematopoietic stem cell quiescence and long-term self-renewal capacity , with potential implications for other regenerative tissues.

How can TCF15 antibodies contribute to understanding the role of TCF15 in disease pathogenesis?

TCF15 antibodies provide crucial tools for investigating TCF15's potential roles in disease pathogenesis:

• Hematological malignancy investigation:

  • Apply TCF15 antibodies to quantify expression in leukemic stem cells versus normal HSCs

  • Correlate TCF15 levels with disease progression, treatment resistance, and patient outcomes

  • Determine if TCF15 dysregulation contributes to abnormal quiescence in leukemic stem cells

  • Develop TCF15-based strategies to target therapy-resistant quiescent leukemic stem cells

• Developmental disorder analysis:

  • Use TCF15 antibodies to examine expression patterns in mesoderm-derived tissues from patients with congenital anomalies

  • Investigate TCF15 distribution in animal models of developmental disorders

  • Assess if TCF15 mutations or misexpression correlate with specific developmental phenotypes

  • Develop diagnostic approaches based on TCF15 detection for developmental abnormalities

• Aging and stem cell exhaustion research:

  • Quantify age-related changes in TCF15 expression in hematopoietic and other stem cell populations

  • Determine if TCF15 dysfunction contributes to stem cell exhaustion during aging

  • Explore TCF15 modulation as a potential intervention to restore stem cell function in aged tissues

  • Correlate TCF15 levels with biomarkers of cellular senescence and stem cell dysfunction

• Fibrotic disease mechanism exploration:

  • Investigate TCF15 expression in activated fibroblasts and mesenchymal progenitors in fibrotic conditions

  • Assess correlation between TCF15 levels and fibrotic progression

  • Determine if TCF15 regulates fibroblast activation or differentiation in pathological contexts

  • Explore TCF15 as a potential target for anti-fibrotic therapies

• Methodological approach for clinical translation:

  • Develop standardized immunohistochemistry protocols for TCF15 detection in patient samples

  • Create tissue microarray analysis pipelines to correlate TCF15 expression with disease features

  • Establish reference ranges for normal TCF15 expression across tissues and developmental stages

  • Validate TCF15 antibodies for diagnostic applications following clinical laboratory standards

These applications leverage TCF15 antibodies to bridge fundamental research findings regarding TCF15's role in stem cell regulation and mesoderm patterning with potential clinical implications in various pathological contexts.