TRBV7-9 Antibody, FITC conjugated
Description
Flow Cytometry
The FITC-conjugated antibody is primarily used to identify TRBV7-9+ T cells in peripheral blood, tumor infiltrates, or lymphoid tissues. Key protocols include:
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Staining: Cells are incubated with the antibody at concentrations of 2–5 µg/test (e.g., 2 µg per 10⁶ cells) .
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Detection: Fluorescence is analyzed using flow cytometers (e.g., BD FACSCanto) with 488 nm excitation .
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Controls: Isotype-matched IgG-FITC antibodies are used to validate specificity .
Immunohistochemistry (IHC)
The antibody is validated for IHC at dilutions of 1:20–1:200, enabling visualization of TRBV7-9+ T cells in tissue sections (e.g., pancreatic cancer or intestinal biopsies) .
Research and Therapeutic Studies
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Cancer Immunotherapy: TRBV7-9+ T cells are targeted in tumor-specific therapies, such as ABR-217620, which binds TRBV7-9 via engineered superantigens to activate cytotoxic T cells .
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Autoimmune Diseases: Monoclonal antibodies against TRBV7-9 are explored to deplete pathogenic T-cell clones in ankylosing spondylitis, achieving long-term remission .
Role in T-Cell Activation
TRBV7-9+ T cells are critical in antigen recognition and signaling. Studies using FITC-conjugated antibodies demonstrate:
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High Specificity: The antibody selectively binds TRBV7-9+ T cells, distinguishing them from other TCRB subsets .
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Activation Mechanisms: TRBV7-9 engagement triggers NF-κB signaling and cytotoxicity, as shown in Jurkat cell models .
Therapeutic Targeting
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Cancer: ABR-217620, a TRBV7-9-targeted superantigen, increases cytotoxic T-cell infiltration in renal cell carcinoma, enhancing therapeutic efficacy .
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Autoimmunity: Depleting TRBV7-9+ T cells in ankylosing spondylitis reduces inflammation and improves spinal mobility, as demonstrated in clinical trials .
TCR Engineering
Modifications to TRBV7-9 frameworks (e.g., LRY substitutions) enhance TCR expression and antigen sensitivity, improving adoptive immunotherapy outcomes .
Comparative Analysis of TRBV7-9 Antibodies
Clinical and Diagnostic Implications
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Immune Profiling: TRBV7-9 antibodies enable monitoring of T-cell repertoire diversity in diseases like HIV or HTLV-1, where specific clonotypes dominate .
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Therapeutic Monitoring: FITC-conjugated antibodies are used to track TRBV7-9+ T-cell depletion in clinical trials for autoimmune diseases .
Limitations and Challenges
Product Specs
Target Background
The TRBV7-9 antibody targets the V region of the T cell receptor (TCR) beta chain's variable domain. This region plays a crucial role in antigen recognition. Alpha-beta TCRs are antigen-specific receptors essential for immune responses; they are found on the surface of T lymphocytes. These receptors recognize peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) complexes presented by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), a necessary step for effective adaptive T cell immunity against pathogens.
Binding of the alpha-beta TCR to the pMHC complex initiates TCR-CD3 clustering on the cell surface and intracellular activation of LCK. LCK subsequently phosphorylates the ITAM motifs of CD3G, CD3D, CD3E, and CD247, leading to ZAP70 recruitment. ZAP70 then phosphorylates LAT, which recruits numerous signaling molecules to form the LAT signalosome. This signalosome branches into three major signaling pathways: calcium, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and nuclear factor NF-kappa-B (NF-κB). These pathways activate transcription factors critical for gene expression and essential for T cell growth and differentiation.
The T cell repertoire is generated in the thymus through V-(D)-J rearrangement. This repertoire is refined by intrathymic selection, resulting in a peripheral T cell pool of self-MHC-restricted, non-autoaggressive T cells. Post-thymic interactions between the alpha-beta TCR and pMHC complexes further shape the TCR's structural and functional avidity.
HGNC: 12243
