TM6SF2 antibodies are designed to target specific epitopes of the TM6SF2 protein, a 351-amino-acid transmembrane protein localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) of hepatocytes and enterocytes . Key features include:
Immunogen Design: Most antibodies target synthetic peptides or recombinant proteins from conserved regions (e.g., C-terminal domain) .
Cross-Reactivity: High homology across species (e.g., 100% in dog, guinea pig, and mouse) .
TM6SF2 antibodies have been pivotal in elucidating the protein’s role in lipid metabolism:
Subcellular Localization: TM6SF2 colocalizes with ER markers (e.g., calreticulin) and ERGIC53, confirming its role in early TRL synthesis .
Lipid Secretion: siRNA-mediated TM6SF2 inhibition reduces TG-rich lipoprotein (TRL) secretion by 50–70% in hepatoma cells, with modest effects on APOB secretion .
Hepatic Steatosis: TM6SF2 deficiency increases lipid droplet content in hepatocytes, as shown by Nile red staining in knockdown models .
Genetic Variants: The E167K mutation destabilizes TM6SF2, leading to hepatic TG accumulation and reduced plasma LDL-C, a hallmark of NAFLD .
TM6SF2 antibodies are widely used in NAFLD and cardiovascular studies:
NAFLD Models: Tm6sf2 knockout mice exhibit hepatic steatosis, hypocholesterolemia, and elevated ALT levels, mimicking human NAFLD .
Intestinal Role: Intestinal TM6SF2 deficiency disrupts gut microbiota and fatty acid secretion, exacerbating metabolic dysfunction .
Therapeutic Targets: TM6SF2 overexpression reduces hepatocyte lipid content, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target .