TM6SF2 Antibody

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Description

TM6SF2 Antibody Characteristics

TM6SF2 antibodies are designed to target specific epitopes of the TM6SF2 protein, a 351-amino-acid transmembrane protein localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) of hepatocytes and enterocytes . Key features include:

Table 1: Representative TM6SF2 Antibodies

Product CodeHostImmunogen SequenceApplicationsSpecies Reactivity
ARP44400_P050 RabbitC-terminal peptide (FFTLFRGLVVLD...)WB, IHC, IFHuman, Cow, Dog
CSB-PA023622LA01HU RabbitFull-length recombinant proteinIHC, IF, ELISAHuman
FGX-TM6SF2-201AP RabbitMouse TM6SF2 (aa 220–270)WB, IHC, IP, ELISAHuman, Mouse, Rat
  • Immunogen Design: Most antibodies target synthetic peptides or recombinant proteins from conserved regions (e.g., C-terminal domain) .

  • Cross-Reactivity: High homology across species (e.g., 100% in dog, guinea pig, and mouse) .

Functional Insights from TM6SF2 Antibody Studies

TM6SF2 antibodies have been pivotal in elucidating the protein’s role in lipid metabolism:

Key Findings

  • Subcellular Localization: TM6SF2 colocalizes with ER markers (e.g., calreticulin) and ERGIC53, confirming its role in early TRL synthesis .

  • Lipid Secretion: siRNA-mediated TM6SF2 inhibition reduces TG-rich lipoprotein (TRL) secretion by 50–70% in hepatoma cells, with modest effects on APOB secretion .

  • Hepatic Steatosis: TM6SF2 deficiency increases lipid droplet content in hepatocytes, as shown by Nile red staining in knockdown models .

  • Genetic Variants: The E167K mutation destabilizes TM6SF2, leading to hepatic TG accumulation and reduced plasma LDL-C, a hallmark of NAFLD .

Table 2: TM6SF2 Functional Roles

ProcessMechanismOutcome
TRL Secretion Facilitates lipid supply for VLDL assemblyReduced secretion upon TM6SF2 inhibition
Lipid Droplet Dynamics Regulates TG synthesis genes (e.g., DGAT1, PNPLA3)Increased hepatic TG with knockdown
APOB Stability Forms complex with ERLIN and APOBAPOB degradation in TM6SF2-deficient cells

Applications in Disease Research

TM6SF2 antibodies are widely used in NAFLD and cardiovascular studies:

  • NAFLD Models: Tm6sf2 knockout mice exhibit hepatic steatosis, hypocholesterolemia, and elevated ALT levels, mimicking human NAFLD .

  • Intestinal Role: Intestinal TM6SF2 deficiency disrupts gut microbiota and fatty acid secretion, exacerbating metabolic dysfunction .

  • Therapeutic Targets: TM6SF2 overexpression reduces hepatocyte lipid content, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target .

Validation and Technical Considerations

  • Western Blot: Detects TM6SF2 at ~34–43 kDa in human liver and hepatoma cell lysates .

  • Immunohistochemistry: Validates TM6SF2 expression in liver and intestinal tissues .

  • Knockdown Efficiency: siRNA reduces TM6SF2 mRNA to 24–27% of control levels in Huh7/HepG2 cells .

Product Specs

Buffer
Preservative: 0.03% Proclin 300
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4
Form
Liquid
Lead Time
Typically, we can ship your orders within 1-3 business days of receipt. Delivery timeframes may vary depending on your location and the method of purchase. For specific delivery times, please consult your local distributors.
Synonyms
TM6S2_HUMAN antibody; Tm6sf2 antibody; Transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 antibody
Target Names
TM6SF2
Uniprot No.

Target Background

Function
TM6SF2 plays a crucial role in regulating liver fat metabolism, influencing triglyceride secretion and the accumulation of hepatic lipid droplets. It may also function as a sterol isomerase.
Gene References Into Functions
  1. TM6SF2 is a significant factor in determining the risk of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and substantial fibrosis. PMID: 29193269
  2. Studies have identified both detrimental and protective mutations in MTTP, PNPLA3, and TM6SF2 in Japanese males at risk for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. PMID: 28950858
  3. Research has explored the influence of rs58542926, a missense variant in TM6SF2 involved in lipid metabolic process regulation, on aminotransferase levels in the bloodstream. Notably, findings indicate that the rs58542926 variant exerts a moderate yet statistically significant effect on circulating levels of both ALT and AST in individuals with NAFLD, but not in those with chronic viral hepatitis. PMID: 27278285
  4. Hepatic synthesis of lipids containing polyunsaturated fatty acids is impaired in individuals carrying the TM6SF2 E167K gene variant. PMID: 28235613
  5. In Finnish individuals, the TM6SF2 rs58542926 genotype has been associated with elevated serum tyrosine levels and a reduction in apoB-100 particles. PMID: 28539357
  6. The TM6SF2 C>T polymorphism influences nutrient oxidation, glucose homeostasis, and postprandial lipoprotein, adipokine, and GIP responses to fat ingestion, independent of fasting values. PMID: 28242789
  7. Evidence suggests that rs58542926 (E167K) and rs187429064 (L156P) are functional variants that influence metabolic traits by altering TM6SF2 protein stability. PMID: 28449094
  8. Children carrying the T allele of the MBOAT7 polymorphism exhibited higher plasma alanine aminotransferase levels compared to non-carriers; children with variants in MBOAT7, PNPLA3, and TM6SF2 had the highest plasma ALT. PMID: 27411039
  9. Individuals carrying the 167K allele exhibit elevated plasma alanine aminotransferase but lower plasma triglycerides and total and LDL cholesterol levels compared to non-carriers, even in childhood. PMID: 26756786
  10. Cells with TM6SF2 knock-down have been observed to secrete lipoprotein-like particles. PMID: 28434889
  11. TM6SF2 has been linked to adiposity and the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. PMID: 28436986
  12. Fibrosis stages were impacted by the PNPLA3 (P = 0.042) and MBOAT7 (P = 0.021) polymorphisms but not by the TM6SF2 polymorphism (P > 0.05). Variants in PNPLA3, TM6SF2, and MBOAT7 are associated with increased liver injury. The TM6SF2 variant appears to primarily modulate hepatic fat accumulation, while the MBOAT7 polymorphism is linked to fibrosis. The PNPLA3 polymorphism confers risk for both increased steatosis and fibrosis. PMID: 27836992
  13. The TM6SF2 E167K substitution contributes to steatosis and lipid abnormalities, in part, by altering TM6SF2 and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein expression. It also differentially impacts chronic hepatitis C and chronic hepatitis B viral load. PMID: 26822232
  14. Data suggest that a polymorphism in TM6SF2 (E167K) affects the cell cycle of hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and is involved in gene expression regulation. PMID: 28407767
  15. In HIV/HCV coinfection, the TM6SF2 E167K variant is an independent predictor of severe fibrosis, but appears to be independently associated with severe steatosis only in patients with a non-3 HCV genotype. PMID: 27784963
  16. Researchers found no association between TM6SF2 genotype and histological features, including fibrosis stage, in a cohort of Japanese patients with NAFLD. PMID: 26610348
  17. Expression of TM6SF2 has been shown to promote cholesterol biosynthesis in hepatocytes. PMID: 26774178
  18. The TM6SF2 p.E167K variant has been linked to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. PMID: 26745555
  19. Findings indicate that the TM6SF2 167K variant is associated with a higher prevalence of hepatic steatosis. PMID: 26520056
  20. The presence of transmembrane 6 superfamily 2 C/T or T/T variants in conjunction with patatin-like phospho-lipase domain-containing protein 3 G/G variants may represent potential genetic risk factors for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in alcohol-related cirrhosis. PMID: 26493626
  21. TM6SF2 rs58542926 is not associated with steatosis and fibrosis in a large cohort of patients with genotype 1 Chronic hepatitis C. PMID: 26259026
  22. This study investigated the association between TM6SF2 rs58542926 and health service utilization in the general population. TM6SF2 rs58542926 was found to be associated with the number of outpatient visits, hospitalizations, and inpatient days. PMID: 26847197
  23. Research has examined the effects of treating liver fat and serum triglyceride levels in NAFLD, considering the influence of PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 genotypes on the administration of Omacor. PMID: 26272871
  24. While the TMS6SF2 E167K variant predisposes obese children to NAFLD, there is an association between this variant and lower levels of cardiovascular risk factors, highlighting the differential effects of the TMS6SF2 E167K variant on liver and heart health. PMID: 25893821
  25. Variants in the TM6SF2 gene have been associated with alcohol-related cirrhosis. PMID: 26482880
  26. The rs58542926 SNP in the TM6SF2 gene is associated with pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, but may offer protection against cardiovascular risk. PMID: 26457389
  27. TM6SF2 polymorphism is an independent predictor of liver steatosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. PMID: 25581573
  28. In a Han Chinese population cohort, the TM6SF2 E167K allele is significantly associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. PMID: 25687425
  29. While the TM6SF2-rs58542926 variant confers protection against cardiovascular disease at the expense of an increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver, it does not fully explain the connection between these two complex diseases. PMID: 26331730
  30. TM6SF2-rs58542926 has a dual and opposing role, protecting against cardiovascular disease while also conferring risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver. PMID: 26331730
  31. TM6SF2 expression is significantly reduced in the liver of patients with NAFLD, and the rs58542926 variant may regulate liver transcript and protein expression in an allele-specific manner. PMID: 25302781
  32. The E167K variant in TM6SF2 is associated with a distinct subtype of NAFLD, characterized by preserved insulin sensitivity with regard to lipolysis, hepatic glucose production, and the absence of hypertriglyceridemia, despite a clear increase in liver fat content. PMID: 25457209
  33. TM6SF2 rs58542926 has been linked to the progression of hepatic fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. PMID: 24978903
  34. The E167K variant influences the severity of steatosis and is associated with liver damage and fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. PMID: 25820484
  35. The TM6SF2 variant is uncommon in the Chinese population with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. PMID: 24824280
  36. rs58542926 is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome. PMID: 25639710
  37. Individuals carrying the TM6SF2 E167K variant are more susceptible to progressive nonalcoholic steatohepatitis but are protected against cardiovascular disease. PMID: 25251399
  38. rs58542926 is a low-frequency variant with a modest effect on nonalcoholic fatty liver. PMID: 25302781
  39. TM6SF2 is a regulator of liver fat metabolism, with opposing effects on the secretion of TRLs and hepatic lipid droplet content. PMID: 24927523
  40. The non-synonymous TM6SF2 SNP coding Glu167Lys is associated not only with the presence of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) but also with the clinically relevant histological endpoint of advanced hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis. PMID: 24978903
  41. TM6SF2 activity is essential for normal very-low-density lipoprotein secretion; impaired TM6SF2 function causally contributes to Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. PMID: 24531328
  42. The TM6SF2 variant (Glu167Lys) influences total cholesterol levels and is associated with myocardial infarction. PMID: 24633158

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Database Links

HGNC: 11861

OMIM: 606563

KEGG: hsa:53345

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000374014

UniGene: Hs.531624

Protein Families
TM6SF family
Subcellular Location
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.
Tissue Specificity
Substantial expression in liver and intestine, whereas all other tissues analyzed show low levels.

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