Tri-methyl-HIST1H3A (K9) Antibody
Description
Definition and Function of H3K9me3
Histone H3 trimethylation at lysine 9 (H3K9me3) is a post-translational modification associated with transcriptional repression, heterochromatin formation, and genomic stability . The HIST1H3A isoform, encoded by the HIST1H3A gene, is a replication-dependent histone variant expressed in actively dividing cells. Tri-methylation of H3K9 signals chromatin compaction, limiting access to transcriptional machinery and maintaining silent chromatin states .
Antibody Characteristics and Types
Tri-methyl-HIST1H3A (K9) antibodies vary in host species, clonality, and specificity. Below is a comparative analysis of key antibodies:
Key Features:
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Host: Mouse or rabbit antibodies dominate, with monoclonal variants (e.g., 6F12-H4, A22295) offering higher specificity .
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Applications: Widely used in Western blotting (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) to map H3K9me3 distribution .
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Reactivity: Primarily targets human, mouse, and rat samples, with cross-reactivity in yeast and non-human primates for some antibodies .
Epigenetic Studies
H3K9me3 antibodies are pivotal in studying chromatin dynamics:
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Heterochromatin Formation: Detects silent chromatin regions, such as pericentric heterochromatin .
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Gene Silencing: Identifies transcriptionally inactive loci, including imprinted genes and repetitive elements .
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Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP): Maps H3K9me3 enrichment at specific genomic regions, as demonstrated in HeLa cells for genes like ZNF404 and GAPDH .
Cancer and Developmental Biology
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Tumor Suppression: H3K9me3 loss is associated with genomic instability and oncogenesis .
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Class Switch Recombination (CSR): In B cells, H3K9me3 marks active switch regions (SRs) undergoing recombination, challenging its traditional role as a repressive mark .
Imaging and Validation
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Immunofluorescence (IF): Visualizes nuclear H3K9me3 patterns in fixed cells (e.g., NIH/3T3 fibroblasts) .
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Dot-Blot and Peptide Arrays: Validates specificity against unmethylated or differently modified histone peptides .
H3K9me3 in Active Chromatin
Contrary to its repressive role, H3K9me3 is enriched at actively transcribed loci in certain contexts:
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B Cell CSR: H3K9me3 and H3K9 acetylation co-localize at SRs undergoing recombination, suggesting a dynamic interplay between activating and repressive marks .
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AID-Dependent vs. Independent Effects: H3K9me3 deposition at SRs occurs independently of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) activity, indicating upstream regulatory mechanisms .
ChIP-Seq and CUT&Tag Validation
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Genomic Enrichment: ChIP-seq data from HeLa cells reveal H3K9me3 enrichment at promoter regions, such as MYT1, highlighting its role in transcriptional regulation .
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CUT&Tag Sensitivity: This technique demonstrates high-resolution mapping of H3K9me3 in K562 cells, validating antibody specificity .
Comparative Analysis of Antibodies
Product Specs
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4
Target Background
- Research suggests that histone H3 ubiquitination, mediated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4, plays a critical role in epigenetic regulation and the development of cancer. PMID: 28300060
- Studies have shown that increased expression of H3K27me3 during a patient's cancer progression can be an indicator of heterochronous tumors. PMID: 29482987
- The enzyme JMJD5, containing a Jumonji C (JmjC) domain, has been identified as a Cathepsin L-type protease that mediates the proteolytic cleavage of the histone H3 N-tail under stress conditions, particularly those that trigger a DNA damage response. PMID: 28982940
- Research indicates that the Ki-67 antigen proliferative index has certain limitations, and phosphohistone H3 (PHH3) emerges as a more reliable alternative proliferative marker. PMID: 29040195
- Evidence suggests that cytokine-induced trimethylation of histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) plays a crucial role in stabilizing gene silencing in macrophages. PMID: 27653678
- Studies have shown that in the early stages of human brain development, HIST1H3B constitutes the largest proportion of H3.1 transcripts among H3.1 isoforms. PMID: 27251074
- Analysis of diffuse midline gliomas revealed that the histone H3-K27M mutation is mutually exclusive with IDH1-R132H mutation and EGFR amplification, rarely co-occurs with BRAF-V600E mutation, and is often associated with p53 overexpression, ATRX loss, and monosomy 10. PMID: 26517431
- Data demonstrate that the histone chaperone HIRA co-localizes with viral genomes, binds to incoming viral DNA, and deposits histone H3.3 onto these genomes. PMID: 28981850
- Experiments have shown that PHF13 specifically binds to DNA and to two types of histone H3 methyl tags (lysine 4-tri-methyl or lysine 4-di-methyl), where it functions as a transcriptional co-regulator. PMID: 27223324
- The recognition of hemi-methylated CpGs DNA by UHRF1 activates its ubiquitination activity towards multiple lysines on the H3 tail adjacent to the UHRF1 histone-binding site. PMID: 27595565
- This research provides, for the first time, a comprehensive description of the MR imaging features of pediatric diffuse midline gliomas with histone H3 K27M mutation. PMID: 28183840
- Approximately 30% of pediatric high-grade gliomas (pedHGG), including GBM and DIPG, harbor a lysine 27 mutation (K27M) in histone 3.3 (H3.3), which is correlated with poor prognosis and has been shown to influence EZH2 function. PMID: 27135271
- Studies have demonstrated that the H3F3A K27M mutation in adult cerebellar HGG is not uncommon. PMID: 28547652
- Lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) is a histone modifier enzyme that removes trimethylated lysine 4 (K4) in histone H3 (H3K4me3) through an amino-oxidase reaction. PMID: 27735137
- Histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) acetylation was found to be most prevalent when the Dbf4 transcription level was highest, whereas the H3K9me3 level was greatest during and immediately after replication. PMID: 27341472
- The SPOP-containing complex plays a critical role in regulating SETD2 stability and H3K36me3-coupled alternative splicing. PMID: 27614073
- Research suggests that the binding of the helical tail of histone 3 (H3) with PHD ('plant homeodomain') fingers of BAZ2A or BAZ2B (bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2A or 2B) requires molecular recognition of secondary structure motifs within the H3 tail and could represent an additional layer of regulation in epigenetic processes. PMID: 28341809
- The results demonstrate a novel mechanism by which Kdm4d regulates DNA replication by reducing the H3K9me3 level to facilitate the formation of the preinitiation complex. PMID: 27679476
- Studies have investigated the impact of traffic-derived airborne particulate matter exposures on leukocytes and found that they cause modifications to histone H3. PMID: 27918982
- Persistent phosphorylation of histone H3 serine 10 or serine 28 plays a key role in chemical carcinogenesis by regulating the gene transcription of DNA damage response genes. PMID: 27996159
- hTERT promoter mutations are frequently observed in medulloblastoma and are associated with older patients, a higher risk of recurrence, and tumor location in the right cerebellar hemisphere. Conversely, histone 3 mutations do not appear to be present in medulloblastoma. PMID: 27694758
- AS1eRNA-driven DNA looping and activating histone modifications promote the expression of DHRS4-AS1 to economically control the DHRS4 gene cluster. PMID: 26864944
- Data suggest that nuclear antigen Sp100C acts as a multifaceted sensor for histone H3 methylation and phosphorylation. PMID: 27129259
- The authors propose that phosphorylation of histone H3 threonine 118 via Aurora-A alters chromatin structure during specific phases of mitosis, promoting timely disassociation of condensin I and cohesin, which is essential for proper chromosome segregation. PMID: 26878753
- Hemi-methylated DNA causes UHRF1 to adopt an open conformation, facilitating its recognition of H3 histone. PMID: 27045799
- H3K9me3 plays a significant role in hypoxia, apoptosis, and the repression of APAK. PMID: 25961932
- These findings confirmed that histone H3 is a true substrate for GzmA in vivo in Raji cells treated with staurosporin. PMID: 26032366
- Circulating H3 levels were found to correlate with mortality in sepsis patients and inversely correlate with antithrombin levels and platelet counts. PMID: 26232351
- Double mutations on the interface residues (L325A/D328A) decrease the histone H3 H3K4me2/3 demethylation activity of lysine (K)-specific demethylase 5B (KDM5B). PMID: 24952722
- Minichromosome maintenance protein 2 (MCM2) binding is not required for the incorporation of histone H3.1-H4 into chromatin but is essential for the stability of H3.1-H4. PMID: 26167883
- Histone H3 lysine methylation (H3K4me3) plays a critical role in maintaining leukemia stem cell (LSC) survival. PMID: 26190263
- PIP5K1A regulates ribosomal RNA gene silencing through its interaction with histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation and heterochromatin protein HP1-alpha. PMID: 26157143
- Research suggests that lower-resolution mass spectrometry instruments can be effectively utilized for the analysis of histone post-translational modifications (PTMs). PMID: 25325711
- Inhibition of lysine-specific demethylase 1 activity prevented IL-1beta-induced histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) demethylation at the microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 (mPGES-1) promoter. PMID: 24886859
- Studies have shown that the de novo assembly of CENP-A and kinetochore formation on human centromeric alphoid DNA arrays are regulated by a balance between histone H3K9 acetylation and methylation. PMID: 22473132
