TT16 Antibody
Description
Anti-IL-16 Monoclonal Antibody (mAb 14.1)
Mechanism of Action
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Target: Binds to the PDZ domain of IL-16, a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in T-cell recruitment and activation .
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Conformational Change: The antibody induces structural rearrangement in IL-16’s PDZ domain, displacing a tryptophan residue (Trp600) to expose a cryptic peptide-binding groove .
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Functional Impact: Neutralizes IL-16’s chemoattractant activity, reducing T<sub>H</sub>1-mediated inflammation in autoimmune diseases and ischemia-reperfusion injury models .
Therapeutic Applications
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Preclinical efficacy in attenuating inflammation in autoimmune conditions (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, lupus) and acute kidney injury models .
TT16 CAR-T Cell Therapy (HER2-Specific)
Combination Therapy Design
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Components:
Preclinical Efficacy
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Tumor Models: Demonstrated durable responses in HER2-positive xenografts, including metastatic lesions .
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Mechanistic Synergy:
Clinical Progress
Comparative Analysis of TT16 Antibody Applications
Research Challenges and Future Directions
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Anti-IL-16 mAb: Requires validation in human trials; structural insights may guide small-molecule mimetics .
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TT16 CAR-T: Addressing tumor microenvironment resistance and optimizing dual-agent delivery .
References
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Structure of a Therapeutic Antibody Bound to IL-16 [PMC4974395].
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Monoclonal Antibodies in Autoimmune Diseases [PMC5853933].
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Preclinical Data on TT16 CAR-T [Biospace].
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TT16 Drug Profile [Patsnap Synapse].
Product Specs
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4
Target Background
- **Endothelium development:** TT16 regulates endothelium formation, a crucial aspect of female gametophyte development, fertilization, and subsequent seed formation.
- **Proanthocyanidin (PA) biosynthesis:** TT16 plays a role in accumulating PAs, also known as condensed tannins, which impart the characteristic brown pigmentation to seeds after oxidation.
- **BANYULS promoter activation:** TT16 is essential for the proper activation of the BANYULS promoter in the endothelium body, a key regulatory element in endothelium development.
- **Gene interactions:** TT16 interacts with other transcription factors, including AGL11/STK, AGL1/SHP1, AGL5/SHP2, and AGL8/FUL, exhibiting both cooperative and antagonistic relationships.
- **Cell division coordination:** TT16 is vital for coordinating cell division in the ovule, particularly during seed coat development and endosperm formation.
- **Endothelium-nucellus crosstalk:** TT16 mediates communication between the endothelium and nucellus, ensuring proper seed development.
- **Nucellus growth regulation:** TT16, along with AGL63/GOA, represses nucellus growth and promotes its degeneration.
- **Autophagy and programmed cell death regulation:** TT16 represses HVA22D, a negative regulator of autophagy and programmed cell death, in the proximal nucellus.
- **DNA binding:** TT16 binds specifically to the CArG box DNA sequence 5'-CC (A/T)6 GG-3', indicating its direct involvement in gene regulation.
- TT16 and its related transcription factor, TT15, have been shown to play critical roles in seed development and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis. PMID: 28830101
- Studies suggest that TT16 not only regulates PA accumulation in the seed coat but also positively regulates coordinated cell divisions in the inner integument layer of the ovule, nuclear endosperm proliferation, endothelium cell morphology, and influences mucilage release from the seed coat epidermal cell layer. PMID: 27776173
- No shared protein interaction partners were identified between TT16 and GOA, suggesting distinct pathways of regulation. PMID: 20598091
