TTL2 Antibody
Description
Introduction to TLAntibody
The TL2.1 antibody is a mouse monoclonal IgG2a κ antibody targeting human Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2/CD282), a key pattern recognition receptor in innate immunity . TLR2 recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as bacterial lipoproteins, lipoteichoic acids, and fungal components, triggering cytokine production and immune responses . The antibody is widely used to study TLR2-mediated signaling and pathogen recognition mechanisms.
Structure and Mechanism of TLAntibody
TLR2 is a type I transmembrane receptor with an extracellular leucine-rich repeat domain and a cytoplasmic Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain . TL2.1 binds to the extracellular domain of TLR2, blocking its interaction with ligands like bacterial lipoproteins . This inhibition prevents downstream signaling via MyD88 and TIRAP, suppressing NF-κB activation and cytokine production (e.g., IL-6, TNF-α) .
Applications and Research Findings
TL2.1 is validated for multiple techniques:
Functional Blocking Studies
TL2.1’s efficacy in blocking TLR2-mediated responses was demonstrated in human macrophages and HEK293 cells expressing TLR2. A study using bacterial cell wall components (BCG-CWS) showed dose-dependent inhibition:
Cross-Reactivity and Specificity
TL2.1 exhibits specificity for human TLR2 and cross-reactivity with non-human primates (e.g., rhesus macaque, baboon) and other species :
| Species | Reactivity |
|---|---|
| Human | + |
| Non-human primate | + |
| Mouse | - |
| Rat | - |
| Cross-reactivity data from Thermo Fisher’s antibody chart . |
Regulation of TLR2 Expression
TLR2 expression is dynamically regulated by immune modulators:
Product Specs
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4
Target Background
- TTL2 is involved in male gametophyte development. PMID: 22232384
KEGG: ath:AT3G14950
STRING: 3702.AT3G14950.1
Q&A
Here’s a structured collection of FAQs tailored for academic researchers working with the TLR2 antibody (clone TL2.1), based on technical specifications, experimental applications, and methodological insights from peer-reviewed protocols and vendor documentation:
Advanced Research Questions
How do I resolve contradictions in TLR2 ligand specificity across studies?
TLR2 functions as a heterodimer (TLR1/2 or TLR2/6), leading to ligand variability:
-
TLR1/2: Recognizes triacylated lipopeptides (e.g., Pam3CSK4).
-
TLR2/6: Binds diacylated lipopeptides (e.g., FSL-1) .
Methodological fix: Pre-block TL2.1 antibody to confirm dimer-specific signaling.
What are optimal conditions for TLR2 blocking experiments?
-
Pre-incubation: 30 min at 4°C with 5–10 µg/mL TL2.1 to saturate receptors .
-
Functional validation: Measure NF-κB activation (luciferase reporter) or cytokine secretion (ELISA) post-blocking .
How to design multiplex assays studying TLR2 cross-talk with other PRRs?
| Parameter | Recommendation |
|---|---|
| Co-stimulation | Pair TLR2 ligands with TLR4 (LPS) or TLR9 (CpG) |
| Readouts | Phospho-kinase array (p38, ERK1/2) + cytokine multiplex |
| Controls | Include MyD88-deficient cells |
Why does TLR2 expression vary in primary immune cell subsets?
TLR2 is dynamically regulated:
-
T-cells: TLR2↓ under Th1-polarizing conditions (IFN-γ) .
Experimental tip: Sort cells using CD14/CD3 markers before analysis .
Methodological Troubleshooting
How to address low signal in TLR2 flow cytometry assays?
Can TL2.1 antibody distinguish between membrane-bound and internalized TLR2?
Yes. Use surface staining (non-permeabilized cells) vs. intracellular staining (0.1% Triton X-100 permeabilization) .
