The UNC13D antibody is a highly specific immunological tool designed to detect the UNC13D protein, a critical regulator of immune cell function. UNC13D (unc-13 homolog D) is a member of the Munc13 family, involved in vesicle exocytosis, particularly in cytotoxic granule release by T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Antibodies targeting UNC13D are classified into polyclonal (e.g., Proteintech, Cat. 16905-1-AP) and monoclonal (e.g., R&D Systems, MAB89661) variants, with reactivity primarily in human tissues.
Key Features of UNC13D Antibody
Characteristic
Details
Host/Isotype
Rabbit IgG (polyclonal) or rabbit monoclonal (e.g., MAB89661)
Reactivity
Human (cross-reactivity with mouse in select antibodies, e.g., MAB89662)
Applications
Western blot (WB), immunoprecipitation (IP), immunohistochemistry (IHC), ELISA
Molecular Weight
~110–120 kDa (varies by isoform and cell type)
Epitope
Fusion protein Ag10519 (Proteintech) or alternative N-terminal isoforms
Immunological Studies
Familial Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (FHL3): UNC13D mutations impair cytolytic granule exocytosis, leading to hyperinflammation. Antibodies detect reduced UNC13D expression in patient-derived cells.
COVID-19 Pathogenesis: Germline UNC13D variants correlate with severe cytokine storms and fatal outcomes, with antibodies validating protein expression in immune cells.
Cellular Localization
NK-92 Cell Line: Fluorescent ICC shows UNC13D localized to cell surfaces, critical for cytotoxicity.
HeLa Cells: Knockdown/knockout models reveal UNC13D’s role in STING signaling attenuation, confirmed via WB and IP.
Research Findings and Disease Associations
Disease
Key Findings
FHL3
Mutations in UNC13D intron 1 reduce protein expression, disrupting granule release.
COVID-19
Variants linked to cytokine storm severity, confirmed via antibody-based expression analysis.
Autoimmune Conditions
Elevated basal cytokine levels in UNC13D-deficient cells, mitigated by STING inhibitors.
Diagnostic Potential: Detection of UNC13D isoforms (e.g., conventional vs. alternative) may refine FHL3 diagnostics.
Product Specs
Buffer
PBS with 0.1% Sodium Azide, 50% Glycerol, pH 7.3. Store at -20°C. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
Lead Time
We typically dispatch products within 1-3 working days after receiving your order. Delivery times may vary depending on the purchasing method and location. Please consult your local distributors for specific delivery time estimates.
Synonyms
FHL 3 antibody; FHL3 antibody; FLJ00067 antibody; HLH 3 antibody; HLH3 antibody; HPLH 3 antibody; HPLH3 antibody; Jinx antibody; Munc13 4 antibody; Munc13-4 antibody; Protein unc 13 homolog D antibody; Protein unc-13 homolog D antibody; UN13D_HUMAN antibody; Unc 13 homolog D antibody; UNC 13D antibody; Unc-13 homolog D (C. elegans) antibody; Unc13 homolog D (C elegans) antibody; Unc13 homolog D antibody; UNC13, C. elegans, homolog of, D antibody; UNC13D antibody; Unc13h4 antibody
UNC13D plays a crucial role in cytotoxic granule exocytosis within lymphocytes. It is essential for both granule maturation and granule docking and priming at the immunological synapse. UNC13D regulates the assembly of recycling and late endosomal structures, ultimately leading to the formation of an endosomal exocytic compartment. This compartment fuses with perforin-containing granules at the immunological synapse, enabling their exocytosis. Additionally, UNC13D regulates calcium-dependent secretory lysosome exocytosis in mast cells.
Gene References Into Functions
Our research indicates that Munc132 may be a key regulator of basal MUC5AC exocytosis, while Munc134 appears to be a subtype of Munc13 protein that is sensitive to hNE stimulation during airway MUC5AC hypersecretion. PMID: 29767240
Gene-corrected human Munc13-4-deficient CD8+ T cells effectively suppress EBV-driven lymphoproliferation in immunodeficient mice. PMID: 27799161
Our findings suggest that Munc13-4 supports acute WPB exocytosis by tethering WPBs to the plasma membrane via AnxA2-S100A10. PMID: 28450451
Analysis of sudden infant death syndrome brains revealed downregulation of MyD88 in tissue from SIDS brains, as well as the downregulation of the genes encoding CCL3 and UNC13 in the liver. PMID: 26959483
A newly identified mutation in the UNC13D gene (c.175G>C; p.Ala59Pro) was detected in an asymptomatic heterozygote father and his homozygous daughter, who presented with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. PMID: 26377049
Munc13-4 confers calcium sensitivity to platelet SNARE-mediated membrane fusion. Our research reveals a potential mechanism by which Munc13-4 bridges and stabilizes opposing membranes destined for fusion. PMID: 26637270
Synergistic defects in UNC13D and AP3B1 genes can lead to adult hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. PMID: 25980904
Data, including studies in knockout mice, suggest that Munc13-4 binds to Rab11 and regulates trafficking of Rab11-containing vesicles. Munc13-4 appears to regulate the final stages of Rab11-positive vesicle docking at the plasma membrane during exocytosis. PMID: 26637356
These studies emphasize the need for RAB27A sequencing in patients with FHL exhibiting normal pigmentation. They also identify a critical binding site for Munc13-4 on Rab27a, elucidating the molecular basis of this interaction. PMID: 25312756
Our data strongly support a significant role for Munc13-4 in human platelet degranulation. PMID: 25573973
Munc13-4 is highly expressed in differentiated NK cells and effector CD8(+) T lymphocytes. PMID: 24842371
This is the first report of HLH in association with EVC syndrome. The IVS13+5G>A mutation, which we believe is causative of EVC in our patient, is also unreported. PMID: 23924873
The prevalence of a 253-kb inversion and two deep intronic mutations, c.118-308C > T and c.118-307G > A, in UNC13D was determined in 1709 North American patients with type 3 hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Eight new mutations were also identified. PMID: 24470399
Our data show that all but one patient with atypical familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis carried at least one splice-site mutation in UNC13D or STXBP2. PMID: 20823128
These data suggest that rare loss-of-function variations of UND13D are risk factors for autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome development. PMID: 23840885
This patient carried mutations in FAS, XIAP, and UNC13D genes inherited from his mother who had rheumatoid arthritis. UNC13D is involved in familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. PMID: 24043286
Defects in cargo trafficking caused by mutations in RAB27A and UNC13D genes, encoding Rab27a and its effector Munc13-4, cause severe immunodeficiencies in humans. (Review) PMID: 23810987
Novel deep intronic and missense UNC13D mutations are reported in familial haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 3. PMID: 23672263
The deep intronic mutation UNC13D:c.118-308C>T accounts for the majority of previously missing mutations and is the most frequent mutation in familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 3 in Korea. PMID: 23180437
Our study reports that Munc13-4 bound Ca(2+) and restored Ca(2+)-dependent granule exocytosis to permeable cells (platelets, mast, and neuroendocrine cells) dependent on putative Ca(2+)-binding residues in C2A and C2B. PMID: 22508512
Data indicate that Munc13-4 reinternalization is required for the maintenance of an intracellular pool that is functional to guarantee the serial killing potential. PMID: 22271450
A novel Dutch founder mutation leads to severe early onset of FHL3 due to misfolding and degradation of munc13-4(1-899). PMID: 21755595
Seven novel mutations in PRF1, UNC13D, and XIAP were identified in Chinese EBV-HLH patients. Only a fraction of Chinese children with EBV-HLH have genetic defects in PRF1, UNC13D, and XIAP. PMID: 21674762
Missense and splice-site sequence variants in PRF1, MUNC13-4, and STXBP2 were found in 25 (14%) of the adult patients. The A91V-PRF1 genotype was found in 12 of these patients (48%). PMID: 21881043
Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 3 (FHL3) is caused by deep intronic mutation and inversion in UNC13D. PMID: 21931115
Our study reports recurrent fetal hydrops caused by familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with a Munc13-4 mutation. PMID: 21646258
Our data show that point mutations in the binding motif of munc13-4 have severely impaired rab27a binding, allowing dissection of rab27a requirements in munc13-4 function. PMID: 21693760
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with a MUNC13-4 gene mutation or reduced natural killer cell function prior to the onset of childhood leukemia. PMID: 21370424
Recurrent splicing mutations in the UNC13D gene are associated with familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. PMID: 20015888
Our data suggest an association between MUNC13-4 polymorphisms and macrophage activation syndrome in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. PMID: 18759271
Munc13-4 mutations have been shown to cause familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Munc13-4 is essential for the priming step of cytolytic granule secretion, preceding vesicle membrane fusion. PMID: 14622600
Rab27 regulates dense core granule secretion in platelets by employing its binding protein, Munc13-4. PMID: 14699162
A large group of 63 unrelated patients with Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) was analyzed for mutations in STX11, PRF1, and UNC13D. PMID: 16278825
CD107a surface expression plays a role in Munc13-4 defect in familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. PMID: 16778144
Twelve novel and four known Munc13-4 mutations spread throughout the gene were found in haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis patients. PMID: 16825436
Biallelic UNC13D mutations were found in 18% of the PRF1/STX11-negative familial haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis families. PMID: 17993578
A girl with systemic juvenile arthritis without macrophage activation syndrome was found to have compound heterozygous mutations of UNC13D and reduced NK cell cytotoxic function. PMID: 18240215
The genes PRF1, GZMB, UNC13D, and Rab27a involved in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis do not confer a significant risk of association with systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis. PMID: 18311812
Fatal sibling cases of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) with MUNC13-4 mutations. PMID: 18432499
A role for Munc13-4 as a component of the secretory machinery in neutrophils. PMID: 18453599
UNC13D mutations leading to splicing errors represent the majority of mutations observed in familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. PMID: 18492689
Mutated in type III hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, a severe inflammatory disease of infectious etiology with fatal outcome. PMID: 19120489
UNC13D mutations are associated with primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. PMID: 19131769
Rab27a or Munc13-4 recruitment to lytic granules is preferentially regulated by different receptor signals, demonstrating that individual target cell ligands regulate discrete molecular events for lytic granule maturation. PMID: 19704116
Cytoplasm. Membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Late endosome. Recycling endosome. Lysosome. Note=Colocalizes with cytotoxic granules at the plasma membrane. Localizes to endosomal exocytic vesicles.
Tissue Specificity
Expressed at high levels in spleen, thymus and leukocytes. Also expressed in lung and placenta, and at very low levels in brain, heart, skeletal muscle and kidney. Expressed in cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) and mast cells.
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