Customize unc-9 Antibody

Description

Introduction to UNC-9 Antibody

The UNC-9 antibody refers to immunological tools targeting the unc-9 gene product in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), a model organism widely used in neurobiology and developmental studies. UNC-9 is an innexin protein critical for forming gap junctions, which enable direct intercellular communication. These antibodies are used to study UNC-9’s localization, function, and regulatory mechanisms in muscle cells and neurons.

Antibody Development and Specificity

UNC-9 antibodies are designed to target specific regions of the protein:

Antibody Combination	Target Region	Epitope	Tested Applications	ELISA Titer	Price (USD)
X-O01393-N	N-terminus	Peptide	ELISA, WB	10,000	599
X-O01393-C	C-terminus	Peptide	ELISA, WB	10,000	599
X-O01393-M	Mid-region	Peptide	ELISA, WB	10,000	599

These mouse monoclonal antibodies are validated for Western blot (WB) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), with detection limits of ~1 ng of target protein . The N-terminal and C-terminal antibodies are particularly useful for studying UNC-9’s subcellular localization and interactions.

Gap Junction Function in Muscle Cells

UNC-9 forms gap junctions between body-wall muscle cells, enabling electrical coupling. Studies using UNC-9 antibodies revealed:

UNC-1 dependency: UNC-1 modulates UNC-9 channel function but does not affect its expression or localization .
Electrical coupling: In unc-1 mutants, intra-quadrant coupling is reduced by ~70%, confirming UNC-9’s role in muscle coordination .

Presynaptic Tiling and Synaptic Organization

UNC-9 regulates presynaptic domain formation in C. elegans motor neurons:

DD5/DD6 boundary: UNC-9 localizes to the DD5/DD6 presynaptic tiling border, acting as a positional cue to prevent synaptic overlap .
EGL-20 interaction: Double mutants (egl-20; unc-9) exhibit ectopic presynaptic puncta, highlighting UNC-9’s role in synaptic organization .

Immunostaining and Localization

UNC-9 antibodies (e.g., anti-UNC-9) are used to visualize gap junctions:

Muscle cells: Immunoreactive puncta are observed at intercellular junctions in body-wall muscles .
Neurons: Localization in ventral cord motor neurons and the nerve ring confirms its role in neural communication .

Product Specs

Buffer

**Preservative:** 0.03% Proclin 300
**Constituents:** 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4

Form

Liquid

Lead Time

Made-to-order (14-16 weeks)

Synonyms

unc-9; R12H7.1; Innexin unc-9; Uncoordinated protein 9

Target Names

unc-9

Uniprot No.

O01393

Target Background

Function

UNC-9 is a structural component of gap junctions. It plays a crucial role in maintaining gap junction activity, which is essential for promoting locomotion.

Gene References Into Functions

UNC-9 has been shown to play a significant role in neuromuscular transmission. (PMID: 16434400)
UNC-9 localizes perisynaptically throughout development and is essential in presynaptic neurons for regulating active zone differentiation. (PMID: 19386917)
UNC-7S and UNC-9 are widely expressed and contribute to a substantial number of the gap junctions identified in the locomotory nervous system. (PMID: 19432959)

Database Links

KEGG: cel:CELE_R12H7.1

STRING: 6239.R12H7.1

UniGene: Cel.19695

Protein Families

Pannexin family

Subcellular Location

Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Cell junction, gap junction.

Tissue Specificity

Expressed in PLM neurons (at protein level). Expressed in the nerve ring.

Q&A

Here’s a structured FAQ for researchers studying antibody-based assays and therapies, informed by UNC-developed antibody research and related methodologies. While "unc-9" is not explicitly defined in the sources, the content focuses on antibody assay design, validation, and applications in academic research.

Advanced Research Questions

What experimental strategies resolve discrepancies in antibody neutralization vs. binding data?
- Hypothesis Testing:
  - Epitope Mapping: Use cryo-EM or alanine scanning to identify if non-neutralizing antibodies bind to non-RBD regions (e.g., N-terminal domain) .
  - Fc-Mediated Effects: Evaluate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) via flow cytometry with NK cell co-cultures .
How can AAV vectors improve sustained antibody delivery in vivo?
- Innovative Techniques:
  - Vector Engineering: Use muscle-specific promoters (e.g., CBA) in AAV genomes to restrict antibody expression to target tissues .
  - Dual-Chain Design: Encode heavy and light chains in separate AAVs for proper antibody assembly, achieving >95% sequence fidelity to native IgG (see patent sequences in Tables 3/4) .
What computational tools analyze high-dimensional antibody repertoire data?
- Pipeline:
  - Single-Cell RNA-Seq: Pair B-cell receptor sequencing with transcriptomics to link clonality to function.
  - Network Analysis: Tools like Cytoscape identify clonal clusters associated with neutralization .

Data Contradiction Analysis

How to address conflicting results in antibody titer decay rates across studies?
- Root Cause: Variations in assay sensitivity (e.g., RBD vs. full-spike ELISA) or cohort differences (e.g., age, prior immunity) .
- Resolution:
  - Meta-Analysis: Pool datasets using random-effects models to quantify heterogeneity (I² statistic).
  - Standardization: Adopt WHO international standards for titer normalization .

Key Challenges in Antibody Research

Sensitivity-Specificity Tradeoff: High specificity for RBD reduces false positives but may miss antibodies targeting other domains .
Longitudinal Dropout: Attrition in cohort studies (e.g., 12-month follow-up in Table 1) limits power to model long-term kinetics .

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unc-9 Antibody