US11 Antibody
Description
Introduction to US11 Antibody
The US11 Antibody refers to a class of polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies specifically designed to target the US11 protein, a key immunoevasive factor encoded by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). This antibody holds significance in both basic virology research and therapeutic development, as it enables the study and neutralization of US11-mediated immune evasion mechanisms.
2.1. Epitope Recognition
The US11 antibody binds to specific regions of the US11 protein, though precise epitope details remain undefined in published studies. Structural analyses suggest the antibody may target:
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N-terminal low-complexity region (LCR): Critical for US11’s interaction with MHC-I and FcRn .
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Immunoglobulin-like domain: Mediates protein-protein interactions during immune evasion .
2.2. Binding Affinity
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Polyclonal antibodies (e.g., rabbit-derived) exhibit high specificity for US11, as demonstrated by Western blot and immunofluorescence assays in HSV-1-infected cells .
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Monoclonal variants (if developed) would require validation for cross-reactivity with HCMV US11 homologs.
3.1. Role in Immune Evasion
US11 antibody has been utilized to study:
3.2. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential
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Diagnosis: US11 antibody-based assays could detect HCMV-infected cells or monitor viral load .
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Therapy: Neutralizing US11 with antibodies may restore FcRn function, enhancing maternal IgG transfer and antiviral immunity .
4.1. Western Blot Analysis
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Key Finding: Anti-US11 polyclonal antibody (21 kDa band) confirmed US11 expression in HSV-1-infected Vero cells .
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Application: Quantifies US11 levels during HCMV infection or vaccine development .
4.2. Immunofluorescence Assays
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Localization: US11 antibody revealed cytoplasmic/nucleolar localization of US11 in infected cells, correlating with viral replication stages .
5.1. Therapeutic Development
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Antibody engineering: Humanized or bispecific antibodies targeting US11’s LCR for enhanced neutralization .
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Combination therapies: Pairing US11 antibodies with antiviral drugs to combat HCMV persistence .
5.2. Vaccine Research
Product Specs
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4
Target Background
- Nucleophosmin Interactions with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Rev and Herpes Simplex Virus US11 PMID: 26624888
- Herpes simplex virus 1 Us11 suppresses host interferon beta1 production through the inhibition of the PACT. PMID: 24067967
- Herpes simplex virus type 1 virion-derived US11 inhibits type 1 interferon-induced protein kinase R phosphorylation. PMID: 23773021
- PKR expression and the PKR binding domain of herpes simplex virus 1 Us11 are required for the antiautophagic activity of Us11. PMID: 23115300
- HSV-1 US11 binds to RIG-I and MDA-5 and inhibits their downstream signaling pathway. PMID: 22301138
- Research has shown an increase in the nucleolar accumulation of US11 in nucleolin-depleted cells, suggesting that nucleolin might play a role in US11 nucleocytoplasmic trafficking through one-way directional transport out of the nucleolus PMID: 22130536
- By constructing a series of deletion mutants fused with enhanced yellow fluorescent protein, three novel nucleolar localization signals of US11 were mapped for the first time to amino acids 84-125, 126-152, and 89-146, respectively. PMID: 20633584
- The binding site of the RNA-binding domain of US11 to RNA has been characterized. PMID: 16246910
- Studies have demonstrated that the herpes simplex virus type 1 Us11 gene product can counteract the activity of 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase, another critical cellular protein involved in host defense PMID: 17229694
- Experimental findings support an anti-apoptotic activity of the US11 polypeptide, which appears to be located at the level of mitochondria or upstream signaling pathways. PMID: 18395766
KEGG: vg:2703439
