XRCC1 Antibody

Definition and Function of XRCC1 Antibody

XRCC1 antibodies are immunological reagents designed to bind and detect the XRCC1 protein in experimental assays. XRCC1 itself is a non-enzymatic scaffolding protein that coordinates DNA repair by interacting with enzymes like DNA ligase IIIα, polymerase β, and PARP1 . Antibodies targeting XRCC1 facilitate its visualization in techniques such as Western blotting (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and immunofluorescence (IF).

Role in DNA Repair

XRCC1 orchestrates repair processes by recruiting enzymes like polynucleotide kinase phosphatase (PNKP) and aprataxin . Structural studies reveal its three domains:

1. N-terminal domain: Binds DNA polymerase β.

2. Central BRCT domain: Interacts with PARP1.

3. C-terminal domain: Links to DNA ligase IIIα .
   Deficiency in XRCC1 increases cellular sensitivity to ionizing radiation and alkylating agents, confirming its role in SSBR .

Cancer Prognosis and Biomarker Potential

• Prognostic Value: High XRCC1 expression correlates with poor survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) (HR = 2.04; P = 0.004) .

• Immune Correlation: XRCC1 expression negatively correlates with immune cell infiltration (e.g., T cells) but positively associates with macrophages in low-grade gliomas (LGGs) .

• Epigenetic Regulation: DNA methylation patterns in 10 cancer types influence XRCC1 expression, impacting tumor mutational burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability (MSI) .

Neurological Implications

XRCC1 protects neuronal cells from oxidative DNA damage. Knockdown in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells increases apoptosis under oxidative stress, highlighting its role in neurodegenerative disease prevention .

Clinical and Therapeutic Insights

• Chemoradiation Resistance: High XRCC1 expression in HNSCC patients is linked to resistance to chemoradiation therapy (HR = 6.02; P < 0.001) .

• Targeted Therapies: Inhibiting XRCC1 sensitizes cancer cells to platinum-based drugs, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target .

Technical Considerations for Antibody Use

• Validation: Antibodies like #76998 may detect nonspecific bands (e.g., 62 kDa) in Western blots .

• Optimization: Dilution ratios vary by application (e.g., 1:1000 for WB, 1:200–1:3200 for IHC) .

• Species Specificity: Proteintech’s 21468-1-AP shows cross-reactivity in mouse models, aiding translational research .