ZC3H4 Antibody

Tested Applications

Protocol Notes:

• For IHC, antigen retrieval with TE buffer (pH 9.0) or citrate buffer (pH 6.0) is recommended.

• Optimal dilutions may vary; titration is advised for untested systems .

Research Applications and Key Findings

The ZC3H4 antibody has been utilized in studies investigating:

Transcriptional Regulation

• Role in Non-Coding RNA Restriction: ZC3H4 restricts transcription of promoter-proximal non-coding RNAs (e.g., PROMPTs and enhancer RNAs) by promoting early termination and exosome-mediated degradation. Depleting ZC3H4 leads to RNA extension by hundreds of kilobases, as shown in chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP-seq) and RNA-seq experiments .

• Super-Enhancer Modulation: ZC3H4 binds super-enhancer regions, and its loss destabilizes enhancer RNA (eRNA) transcription, affecting genes like MSRB3 and DLGAP1 .

Developmental and Disease Contexts

• Embryogenesis: In mice, ZC3H4 knockout causes defective epiblast/primitive endoderm lineages, DNA damage, and implantation failure .

• Pulmonary Fibrosis: The antibody identified ZC3H4’s role in silica-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways .

• Depression Models: ZC3H4 interacts with CEBPB to regulate microglial apoptosis in LPS-induced depression models .

Functional Insights from Tethered Assays

Recruitment of ZC3H4 to RNA via MS2 hairpin tethering reduces reporter RNA levels by ~60% (p < 0.01) and enhances exosome-dependent degradation (Figure 6B–6E) . This demonstrates its direct role in transcriptional suppression.

Biological Significance

• Cell Proliferation: Permanent ZC3H4 depletion reduces HCT116 colony growth by >50%, underscoring its importance in cell viability .

• Evolutionary Context: ZC3H4 is predominantly found in metazoans, aligning with its role in regulating enhancer RNAs that are scarce in unicellular organisms .