ZNF662 Antibody

What is ZNF662 and what is its biological function?

ZNF662 (Zinc Finger Protein 662) is a human protein that may be involved in transcriptional regulation . As a zinc finger protein, it likely binds to DNA and regulates gene expression. The protein has multiple functional domains, including zinc finger motifs that facilitate DNA binding. While the complete characterization of its function remains ongoing, current evidence suggests its involvement in gene expression regulatory pathways . The UniProt ID for human ZNF662 is Q6ZS27 .

What are the common applications for ZNF662 antibodies in research?

ZNF662 antibodies are primarily used in the following applications:

• Western Blotting (WB): For detecting ZNF662 protein expression in cell or tissue lysates

• Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA): For quantitative detection of ZNF662

• Immunohistochemistry (IHC): For visualizing ZNF662 expression in tissue sections

These antibodies serve as valuable tools for studying protein expression patterns, subcellular localization, and potential interactions of ZNF662 in various experimental models .

What species reactivity is available for ZNF662 antibodies?

• Human: Most commonly available reactivity

• Dog: Limited antibodies with canine cross-reactivity

• Horse: Limited antibodies with equine cross-reactivity

• Pig: Limited antibodies with porcine cross-reactivity

Researchers should carefully verify the species reactivity claims when selecting antibodies for their specific experimental models .

What is the difference between polyclonal and monoclonal ZNF662 antibodies?

All the ZNF662 antibodies identified in the search results are polyclonal antibodies raised in rabbits . Polyclonal antibodies recognize multiple epitopes on the ZNF662 protein, potentially providing higher sensitivity but possibly lower specificity compared to monoclonal antibodies.

While monoclonal ZNF662 antibodies would theoretically offer higher specificity by recognizing a single epitope, the search results do not indicate commercially available monoclonal options at this time .

How should I select the appropriate ZNF662 antibody for my specific experiment?

When selecting a ZNF662 antibody, consider the following critical factors:

• Target Epitope Region: Different antibodies target different regions of ZNF662. Available options include:

  • N-terminal region targeting antibodies

  • C-terminal region targeting antibodies (AA 391-417)

  • Mid-region targeting antibodies (AA 182-452, AA 215-264)

• Application Validation: Verify that the antibody has been validated for your specific application:

  • For Western blot applications, consider antibodies like NBP2-88722

  • For IHC applications, select antibodies validated for tissue staining

• Conjugation Requirements: Determine if you need a conjugated antibody:

  • Unconjugated options for flexibility in detection methods

  • APC-conjugated for flow cytometry applications

  • HRP/FITC/Biotin conjugates for specific detection systems

• Validation Data: Review available performance data before purchase

What immunogen strategies are used for generating ZNF662 antibodies?

ZNF662 antibodies are typically generated using one of two main immunogen approaches:

• Synthetic Peptide Immunogens:

  • The NBP2-88722 antibody utilizes a synthetic peptide directed towards the N-terminal region with the sequence: VPRGALDGEAPRGISSGYPFLKPAGISHPEQVEEPLNLKLQGEGPSLICP

  • The ABIN1951211 antibody is generated using a KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide spanning amino acids 391-417 from the C-terminal region of human ZNF662

• Recombinant Protein Immunogens:

  • Some antibodies use recombinant human ZNF662 protein (amino acids 182-452) as the immunogen

The choice of immunogen significantly impacts the antibody's binding characteristics and performance in different applications .

What are the recommended protocols for using ZNF662 antibodies in Western blotting?

For optimal Western blot results with ZNF662 antibodies:

• Sample Preparation:

  • Use whole cell lysates (e.g., OVCAR-3 cell line has been validated)

  • Include appropriate protease inhibitors to prevent protein degradation

• Antibody Concentration:

  • The recommended dilution for NBP2-88722 is 1.0 μg/ml

  • Optimize antibody concentration based on signal intensity and background

• Detection System:

  • For unconjugated antibodies, use appropriate secondary antibodies

  • For directly conjugated antibodies (e.g., HRP-conjugated), proceed directly to detection

• Controls:

  • Include positive controls (e.g., cell lines known to express ZNF662)

  • Include negative controls to verify specificity

• Expected Results:

  • ZNF662 has a molecular weight that should be verified against ladder markers

  • Validate band specificity with blocking peptides if available

How should ZNF662 antibodies be stored and handled to maintain optimal activity?

Proper storage and handling of ZNF662 antibodies is crucial for maintaining their performance:

• Storage Temperature:

  • Store at 4°C for short-term usage (days to weeks)

  • Store at -20°C or -80°C for long-term preservation

• Aliquoting:

  • Upon receipt, aliquot antibodies to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles

  • Small aliquots minimize the need to repeatedly thaw the entire stock

• Buffer Conditions:

  • Different antibodies come in specific buffer formulations:

    • PBS with 2% sucrose and 0.09% sodium azide

    • 50% glycerol with 0.01M PBS (pH 7.4) and 0.03% Proclin 300

• Thawing Protocol:

  • Thaw antibodies gradually on ice

  • Mix gently by flicking or mild vortexing, avoid vigorous shaking

• Shipping Conditions:

  • Most antibodies are shipped with ice packs at 4°C

  • Upon receipt, immediately transfer to recommended storage conditions

How can I validate the specificity of a ZNF662 antibody for my research application?

Comprehensive validation of ZNF662 antibody specificity involves multiple approaches:

• Positive and Negative Controls:

  • Use cell lines or tissues with known ZNF662 expression levels

  • Include knockout or knockdown samples as negative controls when possible

• Peptide Competition Assay:

  • Pre-incubate the antibody with its immunizing peptide

  • A specific antibody will show diminished signal when blocked with its target peptide

• Cross-Reactivity Assessment:

  • Test the antibody against related zinc finger proteins to ensure specificity

  • Evaluate performance across multiple applications (WB, IHC, ELISA)

• Molecular Weight Verification:

  • Confirm that detected bands match the expected molecular weight of ZNF662

  • Check for potential post-translational modifications that might alter migration patterns

• Orthogonal Method Comparison:

  • Compare results with alternative detection methods (e.g., mass spectrometry)

  • Use multiple antibodies targeting different epitopes of ZNF662

What factors might affect the performance of ZNF662 antibodies in experimental settings?

Several factors can significantly impact ZNF662 antibody performance:

• Epitope Accessibility:

  • Protein folding may mask epitopes in native conditions

  • Different applications (WB vs. IHC) expose different epitopes

  • Antibodies targeting AA 391-417 may perform differently than those targeting AA 182-452

• Sample Preparation:

  • Fixation methods in IHC can alter epitope recognition

  • Denaturing conditions in WB may expose normally hidden epitopes

  • Buffer composition can affect antibody-antigen interactions

• Cross-Reactivity:

  • Zinc finger domains share structural similarities across protein families

  • Verify specificity against related zinc finger proteins

• Antibody Concentration:

  • Too low: insufficient signal

  • Too high: increased background and non-specific binding

  • Optimization is essential for each application and sample type

• Detection System Limitations:

  • Different conjugates (APC, FITC, HRP) have varying sensitivity levels

  • Signal amplification methods may introduce artifacts

How can I optimize ZNF662 antibody performance for immunohistochemistry applications?

For optimal IHC results with ZNF662 antibodies:

• Antigen Retrieval Optimization:

  • Test both heat-induced epitope retrieval (HIER) and enzymatic methods

  • Optimize pH conditions (citrate buffer pH 6.0 vs. EDTA buffer pH 9.0)

  • Determine optimal retrieval duration for your specific tissue type

• Antibody Dilution Series:

  • Perform a titration series to determine optimal antibody concentration

  • Start with manufacturer's recommended dilution and adjust as needed

  • Balance signal strength against background

• Blocking Protocol:

  • Use proper blocking agents to minimize non-specific binding

  • Consider species-specific blocking reagents based on the host of the primary antibody

• Incubation Conditions:

  • Optimize temperature (4°C overnight vs. room temperature)

  • Adjust incubation duration based on signal development

  • Consider humidified chambers to prevent section drying

• Detection System Selection:

  • For low abundance targets, consider polymer or tyramide signal amplification

  • For co-localization studies, select antibodies raised in different host species

What are the current research applications of ZNF662 antibodies in biomedical studies?

ZNF662 antibodies are being utilized in several research contexts:

• Transcriptional Regulation Studies:

  • Investigating ZNF662's role in gene expression regulation

  • Analyzing protein-DNA interactions through chromatin immunoprecipitation

• Expression Pattern Analysis:

  • Examining tissue-specific expression profiles of ZNF662

  • Correlating expression levels with physiological or pathological states

• Protein Interaction Studies:

  • Identifying binding partners through co-immunoprecipitation

  • Characterizing protein complexes involving ZNF662

• Functional Characterization:

  • Assessing the impact of genetic variants on protein expression

  • Investigating subcellular localization patterns

How should I interpret unexpected results when working with ZNF662 antibodies?

When encountering unexpected results with ZNF662 antibodies, consider these interpretive approaches:

• Multiple Band Patterns in Western Blot:

  • May indicate isoforms, post-translational modifications, or proteolytic fragments

  • Compare to known molecular weight of ZNF662 isoforms

  • Validate with additional antibodies targeting different epitopes

• Inconsistent Staining Patterns in IHC:

  • May reflect tissue-specific expression or epitope masking

  • Compare with mRNA expression data from databases

  • Consider fixation artifacts or antigen retrieval effectiveness

• Cross-Species Variation:

  • Sequence homology may vary across species

  • Confirm antibody cross-reactivity claims experimentally

  • Consider species-specific antibodies for critical experiments

• Negative Results Despite Expected Expression:

  • Verify sample integrity and protein extraction efficiency

  • Consider epitope masking or degradation

  • Test alternative antibodies targeting different regions of ZNF662

What are the methodological considerations for using ZNF662 antibodies in multiplex immunoassays?

For successful multiplex detection involving ZNF662 antibodies:

• Antibody Compatibility:

  • Select antibodies raised in different host species to avoid cross-reactivity

  • Consider conjugated primary antibodies (e.g., APC, FITC) for direct detection

• Signal Separation Strategies:

  • For fluorescent detection, choose fluorophores with minimal spectral overlap

  • For enzymatic detection, select systems with different chromogenic substrates

• Optimization Parameters:

  • Individual validation of each antibody before multiplexing

  • Titration of each antibody in the multiplex context

  • Sequential application may be necessary if antibodies compete

• Controls for Multiplex Experiments:

  • Single-antibody controls to establish baseline signals

  • Isotype controls to assess non-specific binding

  • Absorption controls to verify specificity in the multiplex context