Polyclonal Antibodies

Anthrax LF Antibody

Anthrax LF Polyclonal Antibody

Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT3396

Anthrax PA Antibody

Anthrax PA Polyclonal Antibody

Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT3456

Dengue 4 NS1 Antibody

Polyclonal Rabbit Anti Dengue 4 NS1

This polyclonal antibody targets the NS1 protein of the dengue serotype 4 virus. It was produced by immunizing a rabbit with a recombinant full-length dengue serotype 4 NS1 antigen.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT3898

M. Tuberculosis RV1681 Antibody

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis RV1681, Polyclonal Rabbit Antibody

Polyclonal antibodies against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis RV1681 were generated. The antibodies were isolated from the immunoglobulin G (igG) fraction of serum from rabbits immunized with a recombinant fragment of the M. tuberculosis RV-1681 protein.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT4734
Appearance
The antibody solution is sterile-filtered and appears as a clear, colorless liquid.

SARS Nucleocapsid Polyclonal

SARS-Nucleocapsid protein, Polyclonal Antibody

Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT4830

SARS Spike Polyclonal

SARS-Spike protein, Polyclonal Antibody

Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT4894

T.Vaginalis P65 Antibody

Polyclonal Rabbit Anti Trichomonas Vaginalis P65 Antibody

The polyclonal antibody against Trichomonas vaginalis was generated in rabbits. The antibody was purified from rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) and was raised against a recombinant version of T. vaginalis P65.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT5001
Appearance
The antibody solution has been sterile-filtered and appears as a clear, colorless liquid.

H5N1 Polyclonal Antibody

Influenza-A Hemagglutinin H5N1, Polyclonal Rabbit Antibody

Influenza Hemagglutinin protein, an envelope glycoprotein, facilitates influenza viral entry into host cells by binding to sialic receptors. This antibody was produced by immunizing rabbits with purified recombinant influenza A H5N1, which was produced in insect cells using a baculovirus expression vector system. The antigen was purified under conditions designed to maintain its biological activity and tertiary structure.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT3973
Appearance
Sterile Filtered clear solution.

HBsAgA Antibody

Hepatitis B surface Antigen A, Polyclonal Goat Antibody

This product contains 1 mg/mL of affinity-purified goat antibodies against native Ad/Ay HBsAg antigens. The antibodies are supplied in PBS and have been sterile-filtered through a 0.2 μm filter. The product is supplied in a 50 mL sterile conical tube.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT4078
Appearance
Sterile-filtered solution

HIV 1 gp120 Antibody

HIV-1 gp120, Polyclonal Rabbit Antibody

This product is a polyclonal antibody solution derived from rabbit serum, designed to specifically target the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT4187
Appearance
This product appears as a light pink powder that has been sterilized through filtration.
Definition and Classification

Antiviral agents are medications designed to treat viral infections by inhibiting the development and replication of viruses. Unlike antibiotics, which target bacteria, antivirals are specifically tailored to combat viruses. They can be classified into several categories based on their mechanism of action :

  • Nucleoside Analogs: These mimic the building blocks of viral DNA or RNA, disrupting the replication process.
  • Non-Nucleoside Polymerase Inhibitors: These inhibit viral polymerase enzymes, preventing the synthesis of viral genetic material.
  • Protease Inhibitors: These block viral protease enzymes, which are essential for viral replication.
  • Entry Inhibitors: These prevent viruses from entering host cells.
  • Uncoating Inhibitors: These prevent the release of viral genetic material inside the host cell.
  • Interferons: These boost the immune response to viral infections.
Biological Properties

Antiviral agents exhibit various biological properties, including their ability to inhibit viral replication, modulate immune responses, and interact with viral proteins . Their expression patterns and tissue distribution can vary depending on the specific antiviral and the target virus. For instance, some antivirals are designed to be active in respiratory tissues to combat respiratory viruses, while others may target liver tissues for hepatitis viruses.

Biological Functions

The primary biological functions of antiviral agents include:

  • Inhibiting Viral Replication: By interfering with the viral life cycle at various stages, antivirals prevent the virus from multiplying .
  • Modulating Immune Responses: Some antivirals enhance the body’s natural immune response to viral infections .
  • Pathogen Recognition: Antivirals can aid in the recognition and elimination of viral pathogens by the immune system .
Modes of Action

Antiviral agents operate through several mechanisms :

  • Blocking Viral Entry: Preventing the virus from binding to and entering host cells.
  • Inhibiting Viral Uncoating: Preventing the release of viral genetic material inside the host cell.
  • Inhibiting Viral Replication: Disrupting the synthesis of viral DNA or RNA.
  • Inhibiting Viral Protein Synthesis: Preventing the production of viral proteins necessary for replication.
  • Inhibiting Viral Assembly and Release: Preventing the assembly of new viral particles and their release from the host cell.
Regulatory Mechanisms

The expression and activity of antiviral agents are regulated through various mechanisms :

  • Transcriptional Regulation: The process by which the transcription of antiviral genes is controlled.
  • Post-Translational Modifications: Chemical modifications of antiviral proteins that affect their activity and stability.
  • Innate Immune Signaling: Modulation of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and other immune signaling pathways to enhance antiviral responses.
Applications

Antiviral agents have numerous applications in biomedical research, diagnostics, and therapeutics :

  • Biomedical Research: Studying the mechanisms of viral infections and developing new antiviral drugs.
  • Diagnostic Tools: Detecting viral infections through various assays and tests.
  • Therapeutic Strategies: Treating viral infections such as HIV, hepatitis, influenza, and COVID-19.
Role in the Life Cycle

Antiviral agents play a crucial role throughout the viral life cycle :

  • Development: Preventing the initial establishment of viral infections.
  • Aging: Managing chronic viral infections that may persist throughout life.
  • Disease: Treating acute viral infections and preventing complications.
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