ATG10 Human

Autophagy Related 10 Human Recombinant
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Cat. No.
BT22422
Source
E.coli.
Synonyms
Autophagy Related Protein 10, ATG10 Autophagy Related 10 Homolog (S. Cerevisiae), Ubiquitin-Like-Conjugating Enzyme ATG10, APG10 Autophagy 10-Like (S. Cerevisiae), APG10-Like, APG10L, Pp12616, DKFZP586I0418, FLJ13954, EC 6.3.2.-.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.
Purity
Greater than 95% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Usage
THE BioTek's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.
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Description

Biological Functions and Mechanisms

ATG10 is central to autophagy through two ubiquitin-like conjugation systems:

  1. ATG12-ATG5 Conjugation:

    • ATG10 acts as an E2 enzyme, transferring ATG12 to ATG5 with ATG7 (E1 enzyme) .

    • The ATG12-ATG5 complex enables LC3 lipidation, essential for autophagosome membrane expansion .

  2. Isoform-Specific Roles:

    • ATG10 (Long Isoform): Promotes autophagosome formation but traps vesicles peripherally, impairing lysosomal fusion and autophagy flux. Enhances HCV replication .

    • ATG10S (Short Isoform): Lacks 36 N-terminal residues, drives autophagosomes to lysosome-rich perinuclear regions, facilitating HCV RNA degradation .

IsoformLengthFunctionImpact on HCV
ATG10220 aaSupports autophagosome formationIncreases replication
ATG10S184 aaEnhances autophagolysosome formationSuppresses replication

Viral Infection

  • HCV Subgenomic Replicon:

    • ATG10 overexpression increases HCV replication by 40% via incomplete autophagy flux .

    • ATG10S reduces HCV RNA levels by 60% by promoting lysosomal degradation .

Cancer

  • Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML):

    • SNP rs1864182 (G allele) correlates with reduced AML risk (OR = 0.58) and impaired autophagy .

    • SNP rs3734114 (C/C genotype) increases AML risk (OR = 2.70) and elevates ATG10 expression .

Clinical and Therapeutic Implications

  • Autophagy Modulation: ATG10 isoforms are potential targets for antiviral therapies (e.g., HCV) and cancer treatment .

  • Biomarker Potential: ATG10 SNPs may guide AML risk stratification in patients with clonal hematopoiesis .

Product Specs

Introduction
The protein known as Ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10, or ATG10, is a 220 amino acid protein found in the cytoplasm. It plays a crucial role in autophagy, a cellular process for degrading and recycling cellular components. Specifically, ATG10 acts as an E2-like enzyme, which means it helps attach a protein called ATG12 to another protein called ATG5. This conjugation process is essential for the formation of autophagosomes, the structures responsible for engulfing and delivering cellular material for degradation. ATG10's role in autophagy is further highlighted by its interaction with ATG12 in human embryonic kidney cells when ATG7 is present. This interaction suggests that ATG10 may help ATG5 recognize and interact with other autophagy-related proteins. Beyond its role in autophagy, ATG10 is also involved in adenovirus-mediated cell lysis, suggesting a broader involvement in cellular processes.
Description
This product is a human recombinant ATG10 protein produced in E. coli. It is a single polypeptide chain containing 243 amino acids, with the ATG10 portion comprising amino acids 1-220. The protein has a molecular weight of 27.7 kDa. For ease of purification and detection, a 23 amino acid His-tag is fused to the N-terminus of the protein. The protein is purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques to ensure high purity.
Physical Appearance
A clear and colorless solution that has been sterilized by filtration.
Formulation
The ATG10 protein is supplied as a 1 mg/ml solution in a buffer containing 20mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), 0.1M NaCl, 1mM DTT, and 10% glycerol.
Stability
For short-term storage (2-4 weeks), keep the ATG10 vial refrigerated at 4°C. For long-term storage, freeze the vial at -20°C. It is recommended to add a carrier protein like HSA or BSA (0.1%) for long-term storage to maintain protein stability. To maintain the quality of the protein, avoid repeated cycles of freezing and thawing.
Purity
The purity of the ATG10 protein is greater than 95% as determined by SDS-PAGE analysis.
Synonyms
Autophagy Related Protein 10, ATG10 Autophagy Related 10 Homolog (S. Cerevisiae), Ubiquitin-Like-Conjugating Enzyme ATG10, APG10 Autophagy 10-Like (S. Cerevisiae), APG10-Like, APG10L, Pp12616, DKFZP586I0418, FLJ13954, EC 6.3.2.-.
Source
E.coli.
Amino Acid Sequence
MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MGSMEEDEFI GEKTFQRYCA EFIKHSQQIG DSWEWRPSKD CSDGYMCKIH FQIKNGSVMS HLGASTHGQT CLPMEEAFEL PLDDCEVIET AAASEVIKYE YHVLYSCSYQ VPVLYFRASF LDGRPLTLKD IWEGVHECYK MRLLQGPWDT ITQQEHPILG QPFFVLHPCK TNEFMTPVLK NSQKINKNVN YITSWLSIVG PVVGLNLPLS YAKATSQDER NVP

Product Science Overview

Introduction

Autophagy Related 10 (ATG10) is a protein coding gene that plays a crucial role in the autophagy process, which is a cellular degradation mechanism essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Autophagy involves the degradation of cytosolic components through lysosomes, and ATG10 is integral to this process .

Preparation Methods

The human recombinant ATG10 protein is typically produced in Escherichia coli (E. coli) expression systems. The recombinant protein consists of a single polypeptide chain containing 243 amino acids, with a molecular mass of approximately 27.7 kDa. It is often fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at the N-terminus to facilitate purification through chromatographic techniques .

Biological Properties

ATG10 functions as an E2-like enzyme that catalyzes the conjugation of ATG12 to ATG5, a critical step in autophagosome formation. This conjugation is essential for the autophagy process, allowing the formation of autophagosomes that engulf and degrade cellular components .

Functions

The primary function of ATG10 is to facilitate the autophagy process by acting as an E2-like enzyme. It is involved in the conjugation of ATG12 to ATG5, which is necessary for the formation of autophagosomes. These autophagosomes play a vital role in degrading and recycling cellular components, thus maintaining cellular homeostasis .

Modes of Action

ATG10 acts as an E2-like enzyme that catalyzes the conjugation of ATG12 to ATG5. This conjugation is a critical step in the autophagy pathway, enabling the formation of autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to degrade and recycle cellular components .

Regulatory Mechanisms

The activity of ATG10 is regulated through various cellular signals that control the autophagy process. These signals can be influenced by factors such as nutrient availability, cellular stress, and other environmental conditions. Proper regulation of ATG10 is essential for maintaining the balance between cellular degradation and synthesis .

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