CTF1 Rat

Cardiotrophin-1 Rat Recombinant
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Cat. No.
BT20040
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Synonyms
Cardiotrophin-1, CT-1, Ctf1.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Purity
Greater than 95.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE and HPLC analyses.
Usage
THE BioTek's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.
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Description

Production and Handling Protocols

CTF1 Rat is manufactured for research use, with strict guidelines for storage and reconstitution:

Production

  • Purification: Chromatographic techniques ensure high purity .

  • Physical State: Lyophilized (freeze-dried) white powder .

Biological Functions of CT-1 (Relevance to CTF1 Rat)

While CTF1 Rat itself is a recombinant protein, its biological roles mirror those of endogenous cardiotrophin-1, which is implicated in:

FunctionMechanismRelevance to CTF1 Rat
Cardiac HypertrophyActivates gp130/JAK-STAT signaling, inducing cytoprotective responses .Used to study heart disease models.
Neurotrophic SupportPrevents motoneuron apoptosis during embryonic development .Potential therapeutic target for neurodegeneration.
Hepatocyte SurvivalReduces liver injury in ischemia/reperfusion models .Investigated for acute liver injury therapies.
Hypoxia ProtectionInduces heat shock proteins (HSPs) to mitigate cellular stress .Applied in ischemia-reperfusion studies.
Autophagy InductionStimulates LC3-II accumulation and autolysosome formation in fibroblasts .Linked to cancer-associated fibroblast activation.

Key Findings:

  • CTF1 Rat may modulate fibroblast transdifferentiation via autophagy, as shown in murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), where it upregulates α-SMA expression .

  • In metabolic contexts, CT-1 enhances insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake, though human genetic studies suggest species-specific variability in these effects .

Research Applications and Limitations

CTF1 Rat serves as a valuable tool in preclinical studies, though its utility is constrained by:

Advantages

  • Cardiovascular Research: Mimics endogenous CT-1’s role in cardiac hypertrophy and cytoprotection .

  • Cancer Biology: Investigated for its role in stromal remodeling and fibroblast activation .

  • Metabolic Disorders: Used to study insulin signaling and adiposity in rodent models .

Limitations

  • Species Specificity: Human CT-1 polymorphisms (e.g., SNP rs8046707) linked to insulin resistance are not directly applicable to rat models .

  • Autophagy Complexity: CTF1-induced autophagy in fibroblasts may vary depending on cellular context (e.g., p-STAT3 activation) .

Product Specs

Introduction
Cardiotrophin 1 (CT-1), a member of the interleukin-6 superfamily, is a 201 amino acid protein known to induce hypertrophic responses in cardiac myocytes. Its mRNA is present in both cardiac myocytes and nonmyocytes. Abundant CT-1 expression is found in adult human lungs, specifically in fetal and adult airway smooth muscle cells. CT-1 activates gp130 signaling, thereby stimulating the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway, which transduces hypertrophic and cytoprotective signals in cardiac myocytes. CT-1 also exhibits neurotrophic properties. CTF1 deficiency leads to increased motoneuron cell death in spinal cord and brainstem nuclei of mice during a specific developmental period (embryonic day 14 to the first postnatal week). Furthermore, CT-1 functions as a hepatocyte survival factor, effectively reducing hepatocellular damage in acute liver injury animal models. Its expression is upregulated under hypoxic conditions, providing protection to cardiac cells when administered either before simulated ischemia or during reoxygenation following simulated ischemia. This protective effect is attributed to CT-1's ability to induce the expression of heat shock proteins (hsps) in cardiac cells. CT-1 also increases ventricular expression of ANP, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and angiotensinogen mRNA. Elevated levels of Cardiophin 1 are observed in patients with heart failure, dilatative cardiomyopathy, moderate/severe mitral regurgitation, stable and unstable angina, and after acute myocardial infarction.
Description
Recombinant Rat Cardiotrophin-1, produced in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain composed of 203 amino acids, resulting in a molecular weight of 21.4 kDa. The purification of Rat CTF1 is achieved using proprietary chromatographic methods.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Formulation
Lyophilized from a 0.2 µm filtered solution concentrated in PBS with a pH of 7.4.
Solubility
For reconstitution, it is recommended to dissolve the lyophilized CTF1 in sterile 4mM HCl at a concentration not less than 100 µg/ml. This solution can be further diluted in other aqueous solutions.
Stability
Lyophilized Rat Cardiotrophin-1 remains stable at room temperature for up to 3 weeks. However, it is recommended to store it desiccated at a temperature below -18°C. After reconstitution, CTF1 Rat should be stored at 4°C for a period of 2-7 days. For long-term storage, it should be kept at -18°C. Repeated freeze-thaw cycles should be avoided.
Purity
The purity is determined to be greater than 95.0% based on SDS-PAGE and HPLC analyses.
Biological Activity
The ED50, determined by the dose-dependent proliferation of TF-1 cells, is less than 0.5 ng/ml. This corresponds to a specific activity exceeding 2.0 x 106 units/mg.
Synonyms
Cardiotrophin-1, CT-1, Ctf1.
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Amino Acid Sequence
MSQREGSLED HQTDSSFSFL PHLEAKIRQT HNLARLLTKY ADQLLEEYVQ QQGEPFGLPG FSPPRLPLAG LSGPAPSHAG LPVSERLRQD AAALSALPAL LDAVRRRQAE LNPRAPRLLR SLEDAARQVR ALGAAVETVL AALGAAARGP VPEPVATSAL FTSNSAAGVF SAKVLGLHVC GLYGEWVSRT EGDLGQLVPG GVA.

Product Science Overview

Structure and Expression

Cardiotrophin-1 is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain consisting of 203 amino acids . The recombinant form of rat Cardiotrophin-1 is typically produced in E. coli and has a molecular mass of approximately 21.4 kDa . The amino acid sequence of rat Cardiotrophin-1 is as follows:

MSQREGSLED HQTDSSFSFL PHLEAKIRQT HNLARLLTKY ADQLLEEYVQ QQGEPFGLPG FSPPRLPLAG LSGPAPSHAG LPVSERLRQD AAALSALPAL LDAVRRRQAE LNPRAPRLLR SLEDAARQVR ALGAAVETVL AALGAAARGP VPEPVATSAL FTSNSAAGVF SAKVLGLHVC GLYGEWVSRT EGDLGQLVPG GVA
Biological Functions

Cardiotrophin-1 is known for its role in promoting the survival and growth of cardiac myocytes. It exerts its effects by binding to the gp130 receptor, which activates downstream signaling pathways such as the JAK/STAT pathway . This activation leads to various cellular responses, including hypertrophy, survival, and proliferation of cardiac cells.

Applications and Bioactivity

Recombinant rat Cardiotrophin-1 is widely used in research to study its effects on cardiac cells and its potential therapeutic applications. It is fully biologically active when compared to the standard, with an ED50 (the effective dose for 50% of the population) of less than 0.5 ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of greater than 2.0 x 10^6 IU/mg .

Storage and Stability

For optimal stability, the lyophilized preparation of recombinant rat Cardiotrophin-1 should be stored at -20°C to -70°C. Upon reconstitution, it is recommended to store the preparation at -20°C to -80°C and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles .

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