SDF 1a Rat

Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1 alpha Rat Recombinant (CXCL12)
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Cat. No.
BT23539
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Synonyms
SDF-1, CXCL12, Pre-B cell growth-stimulating factor, PBSF, hIRH, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12, SDF1, SDF1A, TPAR1, SCYB12, SDF-1a, TLSF-a, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate repressed protein 1, Thymic lymphoma cell-stimulating factor, TLSF.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Purity
Greater than 97.0% as determined by:
(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.
Usage
Prospec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.
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Description

Definition and Production

SDF-1α Rat Recombinant is a 7.9 kDa polypeptide chain comprising 68 amino acids, synthesized in Escherichia coli using proprietary chromatographic purification techniques . It is a non-glycosylated protein formulated as a sterile, lyophilized powder in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) with 150 mM NaCl .

Genetic and Molecular Basis

  • Gene: Encoded by the CXCL12 gene, located on chromosome 10 in rats. Alternative splicing produces six isoforms, with SDF-1α (CXCL12a) being the most prevalent .

  • Protein Structure:

    • Contains three conserved β-strands and an α-helix core, stabilized by disulfide bonds .

    • The disordered N-terminus (residues 1–8) mediates receptor (CXCR4) binding, while the C-terminus interacts with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) for cellular anchoring .

    • Monomeric at nanomolar concentrations but dimerizes under specific conditions (e.g., phospholipid bicelles) .

Kinetic ParameterValueDescription
VmaxV_{\text{max}}1×10−9 mol/(s\cdotpm3)1 \times 10^{-9} \, \text{mol/(s·m}^3\text{)}Max reaction rate for soluble SDF-1α
KmK_m1×10−10 mol/m31 \times 10^{-10} \, \text{mol/m}^3Substrate concentration for half-maximal activity
kdegk_{\text{deg}}0.000406 s−10.000406 \, \text{s}^{-1}Degradation rate of SDF-1α
kak_a50 (mol/m3)−1s−150 \, \text{(mol/m}^3\text{)}^{-1}\text{s}^{-1}Association rate with CXCR4
Table 1: Biochemical parameters of SDF-1α/CXCR4 interactions .

Stem Cell Migration and Tissue Repair

  • Mechanism: SDF-1α binds CXCR4, activating intracellular pathways (e.g., Akt, ERK) to promote chemotaxis of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) .

  • Applications:

    • Pancreatic Injury: SDF-1α expression peaks 5–7 days post-acute pancreatitis induction in rats, correlating with BMSC migration to repair damaged tissue .

    • Liver Regeneration: Elevated serum SDF-1α levels enhance CD34+ HSC recruitment in chemically induced liver injury models .

Cardiovascular Protection

  • Ischemic Cardiomyopathy: SDF-1α reduces infarct size by 30% in rat models through stem cell homing and direct cardioprotection .

  • Pulmonary Hypertension: Downregulation of SDF-1α in the right ventricle correlates with disease progression .

Temporal Expression in Disease Models

Time Post-InjurySDF-1α/β-actin RatioSignificance
Day 12.1x controlP<0.001P < 0.001
Day 57.8x controlPeak expression in pancreatitis
Day 103.2x controlDecline phase
Table 2: SDF-1α expression dynamics in rat pancreatic injury .

Therapeutic Efficacy

  • Myocardial Infarction (MI): Adenoviral delivery of SDF-1α post-MI in rats improves left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by 11% and reduces fibrosis .

  • Clinical Trials: Phase II trials (e.g., STOP-HF) show improved LVEF in severe heart failure patients treated with SDF-1α gene therapy .

Challenges and Innovations

  • Proteolytic Degradation: SDF-1α has a short half-life (<4 hours) due to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) cleavage .

  • Engineering Solutions: DPP4-resistant SDF-1α variants enhance stability and therapeutic outcomes in preclinical models .

Product Specs

Introduction
SDF-1, or stromal cell-derived factor-1, is a chemokine officially known as Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12). It exists in two isoforms, SDF-1α/CXCL12a and SDF-1β/CXCL12b, generated by alternative splicing of the CXCL12 gene. Chemokines are characterized by four conserved cysteines forming two disulfide bonds. CXCL12 belongs to the CXC chemokine group, with one amino acid separating the first cysteine pair. Highly chemotactic for lymphocytes, CXCL12 plays a crucial role in cell coordination during development, including directing hematopoietic cell migration from the fetal liver to bone marrow during embryogenesis. CXCL12 knockout mice are embryonic lethal or die within an hour of birth. Additionally, CXCL12a influences neuronal electrophysiology. CXCL12 expression is observed in various murine tissues, including the brain, thymus, heart, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, and bone marrow. CXCL12 binds to the CXCR4 receptor, previously known as fusin. While this interaction was considered exclusive, recent studies suggest CXCL12 also binds to the CXCR7 receptor. The CXCL12 gene is located on human chromosome 10. Both CXCL12 and CXCR4 exhibit high sequence identity between humans and mice, with 99% and 90% similarity, respectively.
Description
Recombinant Rat Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1 alpha is produced in E. coli. It is a non-glycosylated polypeptide chain consisting of 68 amino acids, with a molecular weight of 7.9 kDa. This SDF-1a product undergoes purification using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Physical Appearance
Sterile white lyophilized powder.
Formulation
The CXCL12 protein was lyophilized from a sterile solution at a concentration of 1 mg/ml in 20mM Phosphate buffer with a pH of 7.4 and 150mM NaCl.
Solubility
To reconstitute the lyophilized SDF-1a, it is recommended to dissolve it in sterile 18 MΩ-cm H2O to a concentration of at least 100 µg/ml. This solution can be further diluted in other aqueous solutions as needed.
Stability
Lyophilized SDF-1a remains stable at room temperature for up to 3 weeks. However, for long-term storage, it is recommended to store it desiccated at a temperature below -18°C. After reconstitution, CXCL12 should be stored at 4°C for 2-7 days. For extended storage, it is advisable to store it below -18°C. The addition of a carrier protein, such as 0.1% HSA or BSA, is recommended for long-term storage. It is important to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Purity
The purity of this product is greater than 97.0%, as determined by: (a) RP-HPLC analysis and (b) SDS-PAGE analysis.
Biological Activity
The specific activity of this product is determined by its ability to chemoattract human peripheral blood monocytes. At concentrations of 50-100 ng/ml, it demonstrates a specific activity of 10,000-20,000 IU/mg.
Synonyms
SDF-1, CXCL12, Pre-B cell growth-stimulating factor, PBSF, hIRH, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12, SDF1, SDF1A, TPAR1, SCYB12, SDF-1a, TLSF-a, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate repressed protein 1, Thymic lymphoma cell-stimulating factor, TLSF.
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Amino Acid Sequence
KPVSLSYRCP CRFFESHVAR ANVKHLKILN TPNCALQIVA RLKSNNRQVC IDPKLKWIQE YLDKALNK.

Product Science Overview

Structure and Function

SDF-1α is a small protein with a molecular weight of approximately 7.9 kDa, consisting of 68 amino acid residues . It is produced by stromal cells and functions primarily through its interaction with the CXCR4 receptor, a G-protein-coupled receptor. This interaction is essential for the chemotaxis of lymphocytes and macrophages, migration of hematopoietic cells from the fetal liver to the bone marrow, and the formation of large blood vessels .

Biological Significance
  1. Immune System: SDF-1α is critical in the immune system, where it acts as a chemoattractant for lymphocytes and macrophages . It helps in the migration and homing of these cells to sites of inflammation or injury.
  2. Tissue Regeneration: SDF-1α is upregulated in response to tissue hypoxia, such as during myocardial infarction or ischemic cardiomyopathy . It promotes tissue repair and regeneration by recruiting stem cells and progenitor cells to the damaged area.
  3. Cancer Metastasis: The SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis is implicated in the metastasis of various cancers, including breast cancer . It facilitates the migration of cancer cells to distant organs, contributing to the spread of the disease.
Recombinant SDF-1α

Recombinant SDF-1α, such as the rat recombinant version, is produced using E. coli expression systems . This recombinant protein is used extensively in research to study its biological functions and potential therapeutic applications. It is highly purified, with a purity of ≥ 98% as determined by SDS-PAGE gel and HPLC analyses .

Applications in Research
  1. Chemotaxis Assays: Recombinant SDF-1α is used in chemotaxis assays to study the migration of immune cells and cancer cells in response to chemokine gradients .
  2. Tissue Engineering: It is utilized in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine to enhance the recruitment of stem cells to sites of injury or disease .
  3. Cancer Research: Researchers use recombinant SDF-1α to investigate its role in cancer metastasis and to develop potential therapeutic strategies targeting the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis .

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