H5N1 Monoclonal Antibody
Description
Mechanisms of Action
H5N1 mAbs primarily neutralize the virus by:
-
Blocking receptor binding: Antibodies like FLD194 bind near the HA receptor-binding site, preventing sialic acid interactions .
-
Steric hindrance: MEDI8852 targets the HA stalk, using its Fc region to physically block receptor access .
-
Epitope conservation: CR9114 binds a conserved HA stem domain, enabling activity across H5 clades and even H1N1 strains .
Table 1: Key mAbs and Their Targets
Efficacy in Animal Models
Studies in mice and non-human primates demonstrate dose-dependent protection:
-
Prophylactic use: FLD194 (5 mg/kg) provided 100% survival in mice when administered 24 hours pre-infection .
-
Therapeutic use: ch61 achieved 50% survival in macaques when given 3 days post-infection .
-
Intranasal delivery: CR9114 (0.3 mg/kg) fully protected mice against lethal H5N1 challenges .
Table 2: In Vivo Efficacy of Select mAbs
| mAb | Model | Dosage | Survival Rate | Viral Load Reduction | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FLD194 | Mice (Clade 1) | 5 mg/kg | 100% | >99% | |
| MEDI8852 | Primates | 10 mg/kg | 83% | 90% | |
| CR9114 | Mice (H5N1) | 0.3 mg/kg | 100% | Undetectable |
Cross-Clade Reactivity
Broad-spectrum mAbs overcome antigenic drift:
-
FLD194: Neutralizes Clades 0, 1, and 2.3.2 with IC50 values <1 μg/mL .
-
CR9114: Maintains activity against 98% of H5N1 strains (2004–2024), including emergent clades .
-
11G12: Clade-specific (Clade 1 and 0 only), highlighting limitations of non-conserved epitopes .
Clinical Implications
-
Pandemic preparedness: mAbs like CR9114 could be stockpiled for rapid deployment during vaccine lag periods .
-
Combination therapy: Dual mAb regimens (e.g., FLA3.14 + FLD20.19) reduce escape mutant emergence .
-
Immunocompromised patients: ch61 showed enhanced efficacy in immunosuppressed macaques, suggesting utility in high-risk populations .
Challenges and Limitations
-
Antigenic drift: Substitutions in HA (e.g., T155A in Clade 2.3.4) reduce mAb binding affinity .
-
Dosing logistics: High production costs and cold-chain requirements limit scalability .
-
Partial protection: Some mAbs (e.g., MEDI8852) mitigate disease severity but do not prevent infection .
Future Directions
-
Epitope engineering: Structure-guided design (e.g., using HA-Fab crystallography data ) to enhance breadth.
-
Alternative delivery: Intranasal formulations (tested for CR9114) improve mucosal immunity and ease of use .
-
Synergy with antivirals: Combining mAbs with neuraminidase inhibitors may enhance therapeutic margins .
Product Specs
Product Science Overview
The H5N1/HA1, Mouse Anti Monoclonal Antibody is a significant tool in the field of virology and immunology, particularly in the study and management of avian influenza viruses. This antibody targets the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of the H5N1 subtype of the influenza virus, which is a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV). The HA protein is crucial for the virus’s ability to infect host cells, making it a key target for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
The hemagglutinin protein is a surface glycoprotein found on the influenza virus. It plays a critical role in the virus’s ability to bind to and enter host cells. The HA protein is composed of two subunits: HA1 and HA2. The HA1 subunit is responsible for binding to the host cell receptors, while the HA2 subunit facilitates the fusion of the viral and host cell membranes. The H5N1 subtype of the influenza virus has a unique HA protein that distinguishes it from other subtypes.
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are produced using a technique known as hybridoma technology. This involves the fusion of myeloma cells with spleen cells from immunized mice. The resulting hybrid cells, or hybridomas, are capable of producing large quantities of specific antibodies. In the case of the H5N1/HA1, Mouse Anti Monoclonal Antibody, the mice are immunized with the HA1 subunit of the H5N1 virus, leading to the production of antibodies that specifically target this protein .
- Diagnostic Tools: The H5N1/HA1, Mouse Anti Monoclonal Antibody is used in various diagnostic assays to detect the presence of H5N1 viruses. These assays include enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and immunofluorescence assays, which rely on the antibody’s ability to bind specifically to the HA1 protein.
- Therapeutic Agents: Monoclonal antibodies against the HA protein are being explored as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of H5N1 infections. These antibodies can neutralize the virus by preventing it from binding to host cells, thereby inhibiting infection.
- Vaccine Development: The antibody is also used in the development of vaccines against H5N1. By studying the interaction between the antibody and the HA protein, researchers can design vaccines that elicit a strong immune response against the virus.
Research on the H5N1/HA1, Mouse Anti Monoclonal Antibody has led to significant advancements in our understanding of the H5N1 virus and its interaction with the host immune system. Studies have shown that these antibodies have high specificity and broad-range activity against various strains of the H5N1 virus . This makes them valuable tools for both basic research and applied sciences.
