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Monoclonal Antibodies

Other Monoclonal Antibodies

Anti Human Lymphocyte

Anti Mouse Cytokine

Anti Human Cytokine

Anti Mouse Lymphocyte

Anti-GST Monoclonal

Anti Viral Monoclonal

Anti Human Heat Shock Protein

Anti Human Enzyme

Product List

VHL PAT82B10AT Antibody

Von Hippel-Lindau Protein, Clone PAT82B10AT, Mouse Anti Human

Shipped with Ice Packs

Cat. No.

BT2897

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ACTA1 Antibody

Actin, Mouse Anti Human

Shipped with Ice Packs

Cat. No.

BT11123

Appearance

Sterile filtered colorless solution.

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AFP Antibody

Mouse Anti Human Alpha Fetoprotein

Shipped with Ice Packs

Cat. No.

BT12067

Appearance

The solution is colorless, sterile, and has been filtered.

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AIFM1 Antibody

Apoptosis-Inducing Factor Mitochondrion-Associated 1, Mouse Anti Human

Shipped with Ice Packs

Cat. No.

BT12154

Appearance

A clear, sterile solution without any color.

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ALK/P80 Antibody

ALK/P80 Protein, Mouse Anti Human

Shipped with Ice Packs

Cat. No.

BT12213

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ANXA1 Antibody

Annexin A1, Mouse Anti Human

Shipped with Ice Packs

Cat. No.

BT12291

Appearance

A clear, colorless solution that has undergone sterile filtration.

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APP Antibody

Amyloid Beta A4 Protein, Mouse Anti Human

Shipped with Ice Packs

Cat. No.

BT12364

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CANX Antibody

Mouse Anti Human Calnexin

Shipped with Ice Packs

Cat. No.

BT13614

Appearance

Clear, colorless solution, devoid of any particulate matter and sterilized by filtration.

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CAPG Antibody

Capping Protein Gelsolin-Like, Mouse Anti Human

Shipped with Ice Packs

Cat. No.

BT13750

Appearance

Clear, colorless solution, free from visible particles and microbial contamination.

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CIAO1 Antibody

Cytosolic Iron-Sulfur Protein Assembly 1, Mouse Anti Human

Shipped with Ice Packs

Cat. No.

BT14755

Appearance

A clear, colorless solution that has been sterilized by filtration.

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Introduction

Definition and Classification

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are laboratory-produced molecules engineered to serve as substitute antibodies that can restore, enhance, or mimic the immune system’s attack on cells. They are produced by identical immune cells that are all clones of a unique parent cell. Monoclonal antibodies can be classified based on their source and structure:

Murine mAbs: Derived from mouse cells.
Chimeric mAbs: Contain both human and mouse components.
Humanized mAbs: Mostly human, with only small mouse-derived components.
Human mAbs: Fully human antibodies.

Biological Properties

Monoclonal antibodies exhibit several key biological properties:

Protein Sequence: Identical protein sequences and antigen-binding sites.
Expression Patterns: Produced by B lymphocytes and expressed in hybridoma cells.
Tissue Distribution: Can be designed to target specific tissues or cells, such as cancer cells.

Biological Functions

Monoclonal antibodies play crucial roles in the immune system:

Pathogen Recognition: Bind to specific antigens on pathogens, marking them for destruction.
Immune Response: Enhance the immune system’s ability to fight infections and diseases.
Therapeutic Functions: Used in treating various diseases, including cancer, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases.

Modes of Action

Monoclonal antibodies interact with other molecules and cells through various mechanisms:

Binding Partners: Bind to specific antigens on target cells.
Downstream Signaling Cascades: Trigger immune responses by activating immune cells and complement systems.
Effector Functions: Engage Fc receptors on immune cells, leading to cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

Regulatory Mechanisms

The expression and activity of monoclonal antibodies are tightly regulated:

Transcriptional Regulation: Controlled by specific transcription factors that regulate the expression of antibody genes.
Post-Translational Modifications: Undergo modifications such as glycosylation, which can affect their stability and function.

Applications

Monoclonal antibodies have a wide range of applications in biomedical research and medicine:

Diagnostic Tools: Used in assays to detect specific antigens in samples.
Therapeutic Strategies: Employed in the treatment of cancers, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases.
Biomedical Research: Serve as tools to study cellular processes and disease mechanisms.

Role in the Life Cycle

Monoclonal antibodies play roles throughout the life cycle:

Development: Used in prenatal diagnostics and treatments.
Aging: Help manage age-related diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer’s.
Disease: Provide targeted therapies for various diseases, improving patient outcomes.