PI3Ka Bovine
Description
Apoptosis and Cancer Research
PI3Kα Bovine is implicated in apoptosis regulation. Neutralizing antibodies targeting PI3Kα induce caspase-dependent apoptosis in adenocarcinoma cells, reversible by caspase inhibitors . This aligns with studies showing oncogenic PIK3CA mutations drive tumorigenesis via hyperactivation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways .
Keratinocyte Differentiation
PI3Kα activity is essential for keratinocyte adhesion to extracellular matrices. Reduced activity triggers early differentiation phases, highlighting its role in maintaining epidermal integrity .
Adipogenesis Regulation
In bovine adipocytes, PI3Kα interacts with downstream effectors like AKT1 to modulate differentiation. bta-miR-150, which negatively regulates adipogenesis, targets AKT1 in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway . This pathway’s disruption affects lipid deposition, relevant to metabolic studies in cattle .
Kinase Activity Assays
PI3Kα Bovine is used to measure lipid kinase activity in membrane capture assays . Its inhibition by ATP-competitive (e.g., BYL-719) and allosteric compounds provides insights into isoform-specific targeting .
Comparative Insights from Bovine Models
Bovine PI3Kα shares functional homology with human orthologs, making it a viable model for:
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Signal Transduction Studies: Growth factor responses (insulin, IGF-1) depend on PI3Kα in bovine cells, mirroring human pathways .
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Metabolic Research: PI3Kα regulates arachidonic acid metabolism, linking oncogenic signaling to dietary fat utilization .
Challenges and Future Directions
While PI3Kα inhibitors like BYL-719 show promise, resistance mechanisms and toxicity remain hurdles . Dual targeting of PI3Kα and mTORC1/2 improves efficacy in glioma stem cells, suggesting combinatorial approaches . Structural studies of bovine PI3Kα could further elucidate isoform-specific drug design .
Product Specs
Product Science Overview
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are a family of enzymes involved in various cellular functions, including cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, motility, survival, and intracellular trafficking. These enzymes play a crucial role in cellular signaling pathways and are implicated in cancer and other diseases .
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase alpha (PI3Kα) is a class I PI3K composed of a catalytic subunit (p110α) and a regulatory subunit (p85α). The p110α subunit is encoded by the PIK3CA gene, while the p85α subunit is encoded by the PIK3R1 gene . The catalytic subunit p110α uses ATP to phosphorylate phosphatidylinositols (PtdIns), PtdIns4P, and PtdIns(4,5)P2 .
The involvement of p110α in human cancer has been hypothesized since 1995. Genetic and functional studies have shown that common activating PIK3CA missense mutations are present in various human tumors . These mutations are particularly prevalent in breast cancers, with enrichment in the luminal and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive subtypes (HER2+) . The three hotspot mutation positions (GLU542, GLU545, and HIS1047) have been widely reported .
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase alpha Bovine Recombinant is a glycosylated protein with a molecular weight of approximately 83.5 kDa for the p85α chain and 124.3 kDa for the p110α chain . This recombinant protein is used in various research applications to study the PI3K pathway and its role in cellular signaling and cancer.
Due to the association between p110α and cancer, it is considered an appropriate drug target. Pharmaceutical companies are designing and characterizing potential p110α isoform-specific inhibitors . The presence of PIK3CA mutations may also predict the response to certain therapies, such as aspirin therapy for colorectal cancer .
