PRDX1 Human
Description
Overview of PRDX1
PRDX1 belongs to the peroxiredoxin family, which detoxifies reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide () and organic hydroperoxides . It maintains redox homeostasis by regulating levels, which are essential for signaling pathways controlling cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis . PRDX1 also exhibits non-canonical roles in epigenetic regulation and tumorigenesis .
Key Features:
Tissue Expression:
PRDX1 is ubiquitously expressed, with high levels in the liver, lung, and kidney . Its subcellular localization includes the cytoplasm, nucleus, and mitochondria .
Methylmalonic Acidemia with Homocystinuria (epi-cblC):
PRDX1 variants cause promoter hypermethylation of the nearby MMACHC gene, disrupting vitamin B12 metabolism . This leads to:
| Genetic Mechanism | Clinical Outcome | References |
|---|---|---|
| PRDX1 variants → MMACHC hypermethylation | Reduced MMACHC protein → Impaired B12 processing |
Dual Role in Cancer
PRDX1 exhibits context-dependent roles in cancer, acting as both a tumor suppressor and promoter .
Tumor Suppressor Functions:
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Breast Cancer: Inhibits ROS-mediated estrogen receptor α degradation; associated with favorable prognosis .
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Lung Cancer: Modulates K-Ras/ERK signaling to suppress tumor growth .
Tumor Promoter Functions:
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Osteosarcoma: Overexpression enhances metastasis via Akt/mTOR pathway activation .
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Prostate Cancer: Stabilizes androgen receptor signaling, promoting proliferation .
Targeting PRDX1:
Product Specs
Q&A
Basic Research Questions
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What is the PRDX1 gene and what function does the encoded protein serve?
The PRDX1 gene provides instructions for synthesizing peroxiredoxin-1 protein, which belongs to the peroxiredoxin family of proteins. These proteins primarily protect cells from damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). PRDX1 specifically breaks down hydrogen peroxide, which at low levels participates in chemical signaling pathways controlling cellular functions like growth, maturation, and survival. By regulating hydrogen peroxide levels, PRDX1 helps control these signaling pathways while protecting cells from the toxic effects of high hydrogen peroxide concentrations, which can damage DNA, proteins, and cell membranes .
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What experimental methods are commonly used to detect PRDX1 expression in tissue samples?
Several complementary techniques are employed for comprehensive PRDX1 detection:
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qRT-PCR: For measuring PRDX1 mRNA levels in fresh tumor and perihematomal tissues
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Western blotting: For analyzing PRDX1 protein levels in tissue samples
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Immunohistochemistry (IHC): For visualizing PRDX1 expression in tissue sections and quantifying PRDX1-positive cells
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Immunofluorescence staining: For investigating cellular localization of PRDX1 and co-localization with cell-specific markers (e.g., GFAP for astrocytes, Iba1 for microglia)
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RNA-seq and RIP-seq: For advanced studies of gene expression patterns and RNA interactions
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What is the temporal expression profile of PRDX1 in pathological conditions?
In rat models of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), PRDX1 shows a distinct temporal expression pattern. PRDX1 mRNA levels increase at 24 hours post-ICH, peak at 72 hours, and then gradually decline. Protein levels show significant elevation at 3 days post-ICH compared to control groups. Notably, this peak expression at 72 hours coincides with statistically significant differences in mortality between experimental groups, suggesting a critical role for PRDX1 in the subacute phase of ICH-induced brain injury .
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Which pathologies are associated with PRDX1 alterations?
PRDX1 has been implicated in several pathological conditions:
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Methylmalonic acidemia with homocystinuria, epi-cblC type: Variants in the PRDX1 gene can cause promoter hypermethylation of the nearby MMACHC gene, leading to developmental delay, eye defects, neurological problems, and blood abnormalities .
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Osteosarcoma: Overexpression of PRDX1 is frequently observed in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines, correlating with tumor size, high malignant grade, and advanced TNM stage .
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Intracerebral hemorrhage: PRDX1 plays a neuroprotective role by targeting inflammation and apoptosis-related mRNA stability, reducing ICH-induced brain injury .
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How can researchers analyze the correlation between PRDX1 expression and clinical parameters?
A methodological approach includes:
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Establishing training and validation cohorts from different centers to ensure reproducibility
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Using independent t-tests for evaluating differences between samples and ANOVA for multiple group comparisons
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Applying Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log-rank tests to compare survival between groups with different PRDX1 expression levels
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Performing univariate and multivariate analyses to determine if PRDX1 is an independent predictor of survival by calculating hazard ratios (HR) and confidence intervals (CI)
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Using standardized scoring systems for immunohistochemical evaluation of PRDX1 expression
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Product Science Overview
PRDX1 is a thiol peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of peroxides, including hydrogen peroxide. It functions similarly to other antioxidant enzymes like catalase and glutathione peroxidase . PRDX1 is part of the 2-Cys peroxiredoxin subfamily, which requires the oxidation of two cysteine residues to activate its enzymatic activity . The enzyme is abundant in the cytosol of mammalian cells and plays a significant role in maintaining intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis .
- Antioxidant Protection: PRDX1 helps in detoxifying peroxides, thus protecting cells from oxidative stress .
- Antiviral Activity: It may contribute to the antiviral activity of CD8 (+) T-cells .
- Tumor Suppression: PRDX1 has been shown to play roles in tumor suppression and apoptosis .
- Molecular Chaperoning: It also functions as a molecular chaperone, assisting in the proper folding of proteins .
PRDX1 is essential for the viability and maintenance of ROS levels in cells. Studies have shown that depletion of PRDX1 results in increased intracellular ROS levels and cell death . PRDX1 knockout mice have been observed to develop severe hemolytic anemia and several malignant cancers, indicating its role in preventing tumor development .
Recombinant human PRDX1 is produced using an Escherichia coli expression system. It is used in various research applications, including functional studies and SDS-PAGE . The recombinant protein is stored at -20°C and is typically provided in a buffer containing 20 mM Hepes, pH 7.0, with 10% glycerol and 1 mM DTT .
