Recombinant Mouse Prolactin (Prl) (Active)

Recombinant mouse Prolactin (PRL) is an active protein expressed in E. coli. The gene encoding mouse PRL (amino acids 30-226) was cloned into an expression vector and transformed into E. coli cells. The protein is produced through cell culture, extracted via cell lysis, and purified using affinity chromatography. Purity is assessed via SDS-PAGE and exceeds 98%. Endotoxin content is less than 1.0 EU/µg as determined by the LAL method. Activity is validated by a cell proliferation assay.

PRL plays a crucial role in stress responses and enhances the production of aldosterone and glucocorticoids in various species including rats, guinea pigs, mice, pigs, and humans [1]. In mice and rats, the PRL locus encodes a family of proteins with hormonal and cytokine activities that contribute to the regulation of reproduction [2]. PRL concentrations in the circulation of mice exhibit a well-defined pattern throughout pregnancy [3]. Research studies have shown that PRL signaling mechanisms can be investigated using models like Nb2 cells and mouse mammary gland explants, where PRL influences cell mitogenesis and milk product synthesis [4][5]. Additionally, PRL inhibits cell growth and mineralization in human osteoblasts [6].

PRL is implicated in mammary gland development and tumorigenesis. Mice with disrupted PRL genes exhibit arrested mammary gland development and reduced tumor growth [7]. The hormone activates signaling pathways in mammary tumor cell lines and normal mammary epithelial cells [8]. Furthermore, PRL has been shown to stimulate cell proliferation through specific receptor activation and ion channel modulation [9].

References:
[1] Lefrançois-Martinez, A., Blondet-Trichard, A., Binart, N., Val, P., Chambon, C., Sahut-Barnola, I., et al. (2011). Transcriptional control of adrenal steroidogenesis. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 286(38), 32976-32985. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m111.218016
[2] Bu, P., Alam, S., Dhakal, P., Vivian, J., & Soares, M. (2016). A prolactin family paralog regulates placental adaptations to a physiological stressor1. Biology of Reproduction, 94(5). https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.115.138032
[3] Swartz, S., Ogren, L., & Talamantes, F. (1986). The sensitivity of prolactin secretion to dopamine changes during pregnancy in mice. Acta Endocrinologica, 111(4), 567-571. https://doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1110567
[4] Camarillo, I., & Rillema, J. (1997). Lovastatin inhibits prolactin-induced nb2 cell mitogenesis and milk product synthesis in mouse mammary gland explants. Experimental Biology and Medicine, 216(1), 98-103. https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-216-44162
[5] Golden, K., & Rillema, J. (1995). Effects of prolactin on galactosyl transferase and -lactalbumin mrna accumulation in mouse mammary gland explants. Experimental Biology and Medicine, 209(4), 392-396. https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-209-43913
[6] Seriwatanachai, D., Krishnamra, N., & Leeuwen, J. (2009). Evidence for direct effects of prolactin on human osteoblasts: inhibition of cell growth and mineralization. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 107(4), 677-685. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.22161
[7] Vomachka, A., Pratt, S., Lockefeer, J., & Horseman, N. (2000). Prolactin gene-disruption arrests mammary gland development and retards t-antigen-induced tumor growth. Oncogene, 19(8), 1077-1084. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1203348
[8] Clevenger, C., Furth, P., Hankinson, S., & Schuler, L. (2003). The role of prolactin in mammary carcinoma. Endocrine Reviews, 24(1), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2001-0036
[9] Coppenolle, F., Skryma, R., Ouadid-Ahidouch, H., Slomianny, C., Roudbaraki, M., Delcour, P., et al. (2004). Prolactin stimulates cell proliferation through a long form of prolactin receptor and k+ channel activation. Biochemical Journal, 377(3), 569-578. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj20030859

Prolactin primarily acts on the mammary gland, promoting lactation.

STRING: 10090.ENSMUSP00000105998

UniGene: Mm.1270