SNRPD1 Human
Description
Introduction to SNRPD1 Human
SNRPD1 (Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein D1 Polypeptide) is a protein-coding gene in humans (HGNC: 11158) that encodes a core component of the spliceosome, the molecular machinery responsible for pre-mRNA splicing . SNRPD1 forms part of the Sm protein complex, which assembles onto snRNAs to create small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) essential for spliceosome assembly and function . Dysregulation of SNRPD1 has been implicated in autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and multiple cancers, making it a critical focus of biomedical research .
Functional Role in Splicing
SNRPD1 facilitates spliceosome assembly by stabilizing interactions between snRNPs and pre-mRNA . It is integral to both the major (U2-dependent) and minor (U12-dependent) spliceosomes, ensuring accurate removal of introns .
Table 1: Key Functional Partners of SNRPD1
Cancer
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Overexpression: SNRPD1 is upregulated in lung, breast, ovarian, and hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), correlating with aggressive tumor behavior .
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Mechanism: Depletion of SNRPD1 induces autophagy in cancer cells via mTOR pathway inhibition, reducing viability in malignant cells by 57–89% (vs. 24% in nonmalignant cells) .
Autoimmune Disorders
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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Anti-SNRPD1 antibodies are biomarkers for SLE, linked to renal and pulmonary complications .
Diagnostic Utility
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HCC Detection: SNRPD1 mRNA levels show high diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.819) in discriminating HCC from normal liver tissue .
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Protein Expression: Elevated SNRPD1 protein is observed in 85% of HCC tumors vs. 12% in normal liver (Human Protein Atlas) .
Therapeutic Targeting
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siRNA Knockdown: Reduces tumor cell viability by >50% in breast and lung cancer models, with minimal impact on nonmalignant cells .
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Autophagy Induction: SNRPD1 depletion triggers cytoplasmic autophagosome accumulation and mTOR pathway suppression .
Research Advancements and Future Directions
Recent studies highlight SNRPD1 as a biomarker for:
Product Specs
Q&A
SNRPD1 Research FAQs for Academic Investigators
Advanced Research Questions
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What mechanisms link SNRPD1 overexpression to oncogenesis?
SNRPD1 drives tumorigenesis through:-
Cell cycle dysregulation: Upregulation of CDK2/4/6 and cyclins (e.g., CCNA2, CCNE1) .
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Spliceosome remodeling: Altered splicing of oncogenes (e.g., MYC, KRAS) .
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Immune evasion: Correlation with reduced CD8+ T-cell infiltration in LUAD .
Experimental Design: Combine ChIP-seq (to identify SNRPD1-bound promoters) with CRISPR-Cas9 screens to pinpoint effector genes .
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How do contradictions in SNRPD1 data across studies arise, and how can they be resolved?
Key Contradictions:-
Prognostic impact: SNRPD1 correlates with poor survival in HCC/LUAD but shows no significance in ovarian cancer .
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Expression patterns: Upregulated in breast cancer vs. downregulated in SLE-related tissues .
Resolution Strategies: -
Stratify analyses by cancer subtype (e.g., TP53 mutation status) .
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Use multi-omics integration (RNA + proteomics) to distinguish transcriptional vs. post-translational effects .
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Can SNRPD1 be therapeutically targeted, and what challenges exist?
Preclinical Evidence:-
siRNA knockdown arrests cells in G1 phase (35% increase) and reduces viability in triple-negative breast cancer .
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Challenges: Off-target effects due to spliceosome ubiquity; combinatorial targeting with CDK inhibitors may improve efficacy .
Therapeutic Screen Design: -
High-throughput siRNA/CRISPR libraries paired with drug-response assays (e.g., paclitaxel sensitivity) .
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Methodological Tables
Table 1: SNRPD1 Detection Workflow
| Step | Technique | Application | Citation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | RNA-seq | Splicing isoform profiling | |
| 2 | IHC (HPA058242) | Prognostic stratification | |
| 3 | Flow cytometry | Cell cycle phase quantification |
Table 2: Contradictory Findings and Hypotheses
Product Science Overview
SNRPD1 belongs to the SNRNP core protein family. It plays a significant role in the assembly and stability of snRNPs by acting as a charged protein scaffold. This scaffold promotes snRNP assembly and strengthens snRNP-snRNP interactions through nonspecific electrostatic contacts with RNA . The protein is involved in the formation of the spliceosome, a complex responsible for the removal of introns from pre-mRNA .
The SNRPD1 gene is located on chromosome 18 in humans . It has been found to have two transcript variants encoding different isoforms of the protein . The gene is expressed in various tissues, including the ganglionic eminence, oocyte, oral cavity, islet of Langerhans, appendix, trabecular bone, bone marrow, superior surface of the tongue, human penis, and pylorus .
