Recombinant Proteins
Product List
SNRPA1 Human
Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Polypeptide A1 Human Recombinant
SNRPB Human
Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Polypeptides B & B1 Human Recombinant
SNRPB2 Human
Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Polypeptide B Human Recombinant
SNRPD2 Human
Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Polypeptide D2 Human Recombinant
SNRPD2 Human, Sf9
Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Polypeptide D2 Human Recombinant, Sf9
SNRPD3 Human
Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Polypeptide D3 Human Recombinant
SNRPD3 Human, Sf9
Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Polypeptide D3 Human Recombinant, Sf9
Sm Bovine
Bovine Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Polypeptide
SNRNP25 Human
Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein 25kDa Human Recombinant
SNRNP70 Human
Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein 70kDa Human Recombinant
Introduction
Small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), often pronounced as “snurps,” are RNA-protein complexes that play a crucial role in the splicing of pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) in eukaryotic cells . They are essential components of the spliceosome, a large RNA-protein molecular complex responsible for removing introns from pre-mRNA . There are several types of snRNPs, each containing a specific small nuclear RNA (snRNA) and associated proteins. The major snRNPs involved in splicing are U1, U2, U4, U5, and U6 . Additionally, there are variant snRNPs such as U11, U12, U4atac, and U6atac, which are involved in the splicing of a specific class of introns .
snRNPs exhibit key biological properties, including their specific expression patterns and tissue distribution. They are predominantly found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, where they participate in the splicing of pre-mRNA . The snRNA component of snRNPs is typically about 150 nucleotides in length and plays a critical role in recognizing splicing signals at the 5’ and 3’ ends of introns . The expression of snRNPs can vary across different tissues, with certain snRNPs being more abundant in specific cell types .
The primary biological function of snRNPs is to facilitate the splicing of pre-mRNA by forming the spliceosome . This process is essential for the removal of introns and the joining of exons to produce mature mRNA, which can then be translated into proteins . snRNPs also play a role in immune responses and pathogen recognition. For example, certain snRNPs have been implicated in the regulation of immune signaling pathways and the recognition of viral RNA .
snRNPs interact with other molecules and cells through various mechanisms. They bind to specific sequences within pre-mRNA to recognize and catalyze the splicing process . The snRNA component of snRNPs provides the specificity for binding to critical splicing signals, while the protein components facilitate the assembly and activation of the spliceosome . Additionally, snRNPs can interact with other splicing factors and regulatory proteins to modulate the splicing process .
The expression and activity of snRNPs are tightly regulated through multiple mechanisms. Transcriptional regulation of snRNA genes is controlled by specific transcription factors and promoter elements . Post-transcriptional modifications, such as methylation and pseudouridylation, also play a role in the maturation and function of snRNAs . Furthermore, the assembly of snRNPs involves the coordinated synthesis and transport of snRNA and protein components between the nucleus and cytoplasm .
snRNPs have several applications in biomedical research, diagnostic tools, and therapeutic strategies. They are used as markers for studying RNA splicing and gene expression regulation . In diagnostic tools, snRNPs can serve as biomarkers for certain diseases, such as autoimmune disorders and cancers . Therapeutically, targeting snRNPs and their associated splicing machinery has potential in treating diseases caused by splicing defects .
snRNPs play a critical role throughout the life cycle, from development to aging and disease. During development, snRNPs are involved in the regulation of gene expression and the production of proteins necessary for cell differentiation and growth . In aging, changes in snRNP function and splicing efficiency can contribute to age-related diseases and cellular senescence . Additionally, snRNPs are implicated in various diseases, including cancer, where they can influence tumor progression and response to therapy .
