Recombinant Proteins

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CHGA Human

Chromogranin-A Human Recombinant

Produced in E. coli, Recombinant Human CHGA is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain comprising 114 amino acids (19-131 a.a) with a molecular weight of 12.8 kDa. The purification of Chromogranin-A is achieved using specialized chromatographic methods.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT8413
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
A clear, sterile solution without any color.

CHGA Human, HEK

Chromogranin A Human Recombinant, HEK

This product consists of a specifically designed version of the human Chromogranin A (CgA) protein produced in a laboratory setting using HEK cells. This recombinant CgA protein encompasses amino acids 19 to 457 of the full-length human CgA sequence, resulting in a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 49.7 kDa. A 6-amino acid Histidine tag is attached to the C-terminus of the protein to facilitate its purification and detection. Notably, this recombinant CgA protein undergoes glycosylation, a process of adding sugar molecules, making it structurally similar to the naturally occurring CgA found in the human body.

Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT8496
Source

HEK293 cells.

Appearance
Sterile, white powder obtained through freeze-drying.

CHGA Human, His

Chromogranin-A Human Recombinant, His Tag

Recombinant Human CHGA, expressed in E.Coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain comprising 460 amino acids (spanning from position 19 to 457). Its molecular mass is 51.2kDa, although it may appear larger on SDS-PAGE due to the presence of a 21 amino acid His Tag fused at the N-terminus. The purification process involves proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT8544
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
A clear, colorless solution that has been sterilized by filtration.

CHGA Human, Sf9

Chromogranin A Human Recombinant, Sf9

Produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells, CHGA is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain encompassing amino acids 19-457. It is fused to a 6-amino acid His Tag at the C-terminus, resulting in a protein with a total of 448 amino acids and a molecular weight of 50 kDa. Under reducing conditions on SDS-PAGE, CHGA displays multiple bands between 50-70 kDa. It is purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT8672
Source
Sf9, Baculovirus cells.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.

CHGB Human

Chromogranin B Human Recombinant

Recombinant human CHGB, produced in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain consisting of 677 amino acids (specifically, amino acids 21-677). This protein has a molecular weight of 78.4 kDa. For purification purposes, a 20 amino acid His-Tag is fused to the N-terminus of the CHGB protein, and standard chromatography techniques are employed.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT8732
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
A clear, colorless solution that has been sterilized by filtration.
Definition and Classification

Chromogranins are a family of acidic, soluble secretory proteins found in the secretory granules of neuroendocrine cells. The most well-known members of this family are Chromogranin A, Chromogranin B, and Chromogranin C . Chromogranin A (CgA) is the most abundant and widely studied member, encoded by the CHGA gene in humans . These proteins are involved in the formation of secretory granules and the regulated secretion of hormones and neurotransmitters .

Biological Properties

Key Biological Properties: Chromogranin A is an intrinsically disordered protein that can be cleaved into various bioactive peptides, such as vasostatin-1, pancreastatin, and catestatin . These peptides have diverse functions, including modulation of neuroendocrine activities and immune responses .

Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: Chromogranin A is widely expressed in neuroendocrine tissues, including the adrenal medulla, pituitary gland, pancreas, and gastrointestinal tract . It is also found in the central and peripheral nervous systems .

Biological Functions

Primary Biological Functions: Chromogranin A serves as a prohormone, giving rise to several bioactive peptides that regulate various physiological processes . These peptides are involved in the modulation of hormone secretion, calcium homeostasis, and glucose metabolism .

Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Chromogranin A-derived peptides, such as catestatin, have antimicrobial properties and play a role in innate immunity . They can modulate immune cell functions and contribute to the body’s defense against pathogens .

Modes of Action

Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Chromogranin A interacts with various molecules, including catecholamines, serotonin, and histamine, within the secretory granules . These interactions are crucial for the formation and function of neurosecretory granules .

Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: Chromogranin A-derived peptides bind to specific receptors on target cells, triggering downstream signaling cascades that regulate cellular functions . For example, catestatin inhibits catecholamine release by binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors .

Regulatory Mechanisms

Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: The expression of Chromogranin A is regulated at the transcriptional level by various transcription factors . Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and glycosylation, also play a role in modulating its activity and stability .

Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: Specific transcription factors, such as Sp1 and CREB, bind to the promoter region of the CHGA gene, regulating its transcription . Post-translational modifications, including proteolytic cleavage, generate bioactive peptides from Chromogranin A .

Applications

Biomedical Research: Chromogranin A is used as a biomarker in the diagnosis and monitoring of neuroendocrine tumors, such as pheochromocytomas and carcinoid tumors . Its levels in blood and urine can indicate disease progression and response to treatment .

Diagnostic Tools and Therapeutic Strategies: Chromogranin A-derived peptides have potential therapeutic applications due to their diverse biological activities . For example, catestatin has been studied for its antihypertensive and cardioprotective effects .

Role in the Life Cycle

Role Throughout the Life Cycle: Chromogranin A plays a crucial role in various stages of life, from development to aging . During development, it is involved in the formation of neuroendocrine tissues and the regulation of hormone secretion . In aging and disease, altered levels of Chromogranin A and its peptides are associated with various pathological conditions, including cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative disorders .

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