Recombinant Proteins
Product List
SIRT1 Human
Sirtuin-1 Human Recombinant
SIRT2 Human
Sirtuin 2 Human Recombinant
SIRT3 Human
Sirtuin 3 Human Recombinant
SIRT5 Human
Sirtuin-5 Human Recombinant
SIRT6 Human
Sirtuin-6 Human Recombinant
Introduction
Sirtuins, also known as Sir2 (silent information regulator 2) proteins, are a family of NAD±dependent deacetylases and ADP-ribosyltransferases. They are highly conserved across species, from bacteria to humans . In mammals, there are seven sirtuins (SIRT1 to SIRT7), each with distinct cellular localizations and functions .
Key Biological Properties: Sirtuins are involved in various cellular processes, including aging, transcription, apoptosis, inflammation, and stress resistance . They require NAD+ for their enzymatic activity, linking their function to the cell’s metabolic state .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: Sirtuins are ubiquitously expressed but show tissue-specific distribution. For example, SIRT1 is highly expressed in the liver, brain, and adipose tissue, while SIRT3 is predominantly found in the mitochondria of metabolically active tissues like the heart and skeletal muscle .
Primary Biological Functions: Sirtuins play crucial roles in regulating metabolic pathways, DNA repair, and gene expression . They are involved in maintaining energy homeostasis, promoting cell survival, and modulating inflammatory responses .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Sirtuins modulate immune responses by deacetylating key transcription factors and signaling molecules. For instance, SIRT1 deacetylates NF-κB, reducing its activity and thereby modulating inflammation .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Sirtuins interact with various proteins and enzymes to exert their effects. They deacetylate histones and non-histone proteins, influencing chromatin structure and gene expression .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: Sirtuins bind to and modify several key proteins, including p53, FOXO transcription factors, and PGC-1α. These interactions regulate processes such as apoptosis, oxidative stress response, and mitochondrial biogenesis .
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: Sirtuin activity is regulated at multiple levels, including transcriptional regulation, post-translational modifications, and availability of NAD+ . Transcription factors like HIF-1α and PPARs influence sirtuin expression, while post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation and acetylation modulate their activity .
Biomedical Research: Sirtuins are studied for their roles in aging, metabolic diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders .
Diagnostic Tools: Sirtuin levels and activity can serve as biomarkers for various diseases, including cancer and metabolic disorders .
Therapeutic Strategies: Modulating sirtuin activity holds potential for treating age-related diseases, cancer, and metabolic disorders. Sirtuin activators like resveratrol and NAD+ precursors are being explored for their therapeutic benefits .
Role Throughout the Life Cycle: Sirtuins are involved in various stages of life, from development to aging. During development, they regulate cell differentiation and organogenesis . In adulthood, they maintain metabolic homeostasis and protect against stress. In aging, sirtuins help mitigate age-related decline by promoting DNA repair and reducing oxidative stress .
