Recombinant Proteins
Product List
MESDC1 Human
Mesoderm Development Candidate 1 Human Recombinant
MESDC2 Human
Mesoderm Development Candidate 2 Human Recombinant
MESDC2 Mouse
Mesoderm Development Candidate 2 Mouse Recombinant
Introduction
The mesoderm is one of the three primary germ layers in the early embryo, positioned between the ectoderm and endoderm. It gives rise to various tissues and organs, including muscles, bones, and the circulatory system . Mesodermal cells are classified based on their location and function into axial, paraxial, intermediate, and lateral plate mesoderm .
Key Biological Properties: Mesodermal cells are characterized by their ability to differentiate into multiple cell types, including skeletal muscle, bone, and connective tissue . They express specific markers such as type II collagen and aggrecan .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: Mesodermal cells are distributed throughout the embryo, contributing to the formation of the heart, kidneys, gonads, and blood vessels . They exhibit distinct expression patterns during development, with specific genes being activated at different stages .
Primary Biological Functions: The mesoderm is responsible for forming critical structures and organs, including the skeletal, muscular, excretory, circulatory, and reproductive systems . It also plays a role in the development of connective tissues and the dermis of the skin .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Mesodermal cells contribute to the formation of blood cells, including immune cells, which are essential for pathogen recognition and immune responses .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Mesodermal cells interact with various signaling molecules and transcription factors to regulate their differentiation and function . For example, the T-box transcription factor VegT plays a crucial role in mesoderm formation by generating TGF-β family signals .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: Mesodermal cells engage in complex signaling pathways involving molecules such as activin B, Xnr1, and Xnr2, which are essential for their differentiation and function .
Transcriptional Regulation: The expression of mesodermal genes is tightly regulated by transcription factors such as Tbx1, Pitx2, and Isl1 . These factors control the activation and repression of target genes during development .
Post-Translational Modifications: Mesodermal proteins undergo various post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation and ubiquitination, which modulate their activity and stability .
Biomedical Research: Mesodermal cells are used in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering to develop therapies for conditions such as heart disease, bone fractures, and muscle injuries .
Diagnostic Tools and Therapeutic Strategies: Mesodermal markers are employed in diagnostic assays to detect developmental disorders and monitor the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions .
Development to Aging and Disease: Mesodermal cells play a vital role throughout the life cycle, from early embryonic development to aging. They contribute to tissue repair and regeneration, and their dysfunction can lead to various diseases, including musculoskeletal disorders and cardiovascular diseases .
