Recombinant Proteins
Product List
RSPO1 Human
R-Spondin-1 Human Recombinant
Recombinant Human R-Spondin-1, expressed in CHO cells, is a glycosylated monomeric chain comprising 243 amino acids, resulting in a total molecular mass of 25.6kDa.
The purification of RSPO1 is carried out using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
CHO cells.
RSPO3 Human
R-Spondin-3 Human Recombinant
SPON1 Human
Recombinant Human Spondin-1
HEK293 Cells.
Introduction
Key Biological Properties: RSPOs are approximately 35 kDa proteins characterized by two amino-terminal furin-like repeats and a thrombospondin domain . They are secreted agonists of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: RSPOs are expressed in various tissues, including the neural tube during development, bone, skeletal muscle, pancreatic β-cells, and intestinal stem cells . They play crucial roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, and death .
Primary Biological Functions: RSPOs enhance responses to low-dose Wnt proteins and are involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and tissue regeneration . They are also crucial in the development of various organs and the maintenance of adult stem cells .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: RSPOs have been shown to enhance antitumor immunity by promoting the infiltration and function of cytotoxic effector cells, such as NK cells and T cells, within the tumor microenvironment .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: RSPOs interact with the Frizzled/LRP6 receptor complex to stimulate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway . They act upon cognate receptors LGR4/5/6, which are typically expressed by stem cells and progenitor cells .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: RSPOs bind to LGR4/5/6 receptors, leading to the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway . This interaction results in the potentiation of Wnt signaling, which is crucial for stem cell maintenance and differentiation .
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: RSPOs are regulated at both the transcriptional and post-translational levels. Transcriptional regulation involves the expression of RSPO genes in response to various developmental cues . Post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation, play a role in the stability and activity of RSPO proteins .
Biomedical Research: RSPOs are used in regenerative medicine due to their mitogenic activity in stem cells . They have potential therapeutic applications in treating conditions such as intestinal mucositis, inflammatory bowel diseases, and diabetes mellitus .
Diagnostic Tools and Therapeutic Strategies: RSPOs are being explored as therapeutic targets in cancer treatment due to their role in enhancing antitumor immunity and potentiating Wnt signaling . They are also used in tissue engineering and cell therapy .
Role Throughout the Life Cycle: RSPOs play essential roles in various stages of life, from embryonic development to aging. During development, they regulate organ formation and cell fate determination . In adults, they maintain tissue homeostasis and promote tissue regeneration . Dysregulation of RSPOs has been linked to various diseases, including cancer .
