Recombinant Proteins
Product List
GIPC1 Human
GIPC PDZ Domain Member 1 Human Recombinant
GIPC2 Human
GIPC PDZ Domain Member 2 Human Recombinant
Introduction
The GIPC (GAIP-interacting protein, C-terminus) family consists of adaptor proteins that contain a single PDZ (PSD95, DLG1, ZO1) domain. These proteins are involved in various cellular processes, including vesicular trafficking and signal transduction. The PDZ domain is a compact protein module that mediates specific protein-protein interactions, typically recognizing short amino acid motifs at the C-termini of target proteins .
Key Biological Properties: GIPC proteins, including GIPC1, GIPC2, and GIPC3, are characterized by a central PDZ domain flanked by an N-terminal GIPC-homology 1 (GH1) domain and a C-terminal GH2 domain .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: GIPC proteins are widely expressed in various tissues. For instance, GIPC3 is localized in sensory hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons, playing a crucial role in auditory function . GIPC1 is found in neurons, where it is distributed throughout the cell, including both presynaptic and postsynaptic locations .
Primary Biological Functions: GIPC proteins are involved in the trafficking and signaling of several membrane proteins. They interact with key transmembrane proteins such as receptor tyrosine kinases, G-protein-coupled receptors, and integrins .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: GIPC proteins modulate phagocytosis, a critical process in the immune response. For example, CD93, a myeloid cell-surface marker, interacts with GIPC to enhance phagocytosis .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: GIPC proteins bind to PDZ-binding motifs (PBMs) of interacting proteins. For instance, GIPC3 binds directly to MYO6, and this interaction is crucial for shaping the cuticular plate in hair cells .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: GIPC1 interacts with various proteins, including IGF1R, NTRK1, ADRB1, and TGFbR3, to mediate endosomal trafficking and signal transduction . GIPC also regulates NMDA receptor trafficking, influencing synaptic plasticity and development .
Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: GIPC proteins are regulated through various mechanisms, including phosphorylation and autoinhibition. For example, GIPC1 can exist in an autoinhibited configuration, where binding sites are masked until interaction with PBMs releases this inhibition .
Biomedical Research: GIPC proteins are studied for their roles in cancer biology, as their dysregulation is associated with tumor proliferation and invasion .
Diagnostic Tools and Therapeutic Strategies: Understanding GIPC interactions can lead to the development of diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for diseases such as cancer and hereditary deafness .
Development to Aging and Disease: GIPC proteins play roles throughout the life cycle. For instance, GIPC3 is essential for auditory function from early postnatal development to adulthood . Dysregulation of GIPC proteins can lead to various pathologies, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases .
