Recombinant Proteins

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DPPA5 Human

Developmental Pluripotency Associated 5 Human Recombinant

Recombinant human DPPA5, produced in E. coli, is a single polypeptide chain that lacks glycosylation. It consists of 139 amino acids, encompassing amino acids 1 to 116, and has a molecular weight of 15.9 kDa. A 23 amino acid His-tag is fused to the N-terminus of DPPA5. The protein is purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT30101
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
A clear solution that has undergone sterile filtration.

DPPA3 Human

Developmental Pluripotency Associated 3 Human Recombinant

This product consists of the human DPPA3 protein, created in a laboratory setting using E. coli bacteria. The protein is a single chain of 182 amino acids (building blocks of proteins) and has a molecular weight of 20.2 kilodaltons. It lacks any sugar modifications (non-glycosylated) and includes a 24 amino acid His-tag attached to its N-terminus for purification purposes. The purification is achieved through specific chromatographic methods.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT29979
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
The product appears as a clear and colorless liquid that has been sterilized by filtration.

DPPA4 Human

Developmental Pluripotency Associated 4 Human Recombinant

Recombinant human DPPA4, expressed in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain consisting of 327 amino acids (residues 1-304). It has a molecular weight of 35.9 kDa. The protein includes a 23 amino acid His-tag fused to its N-terminus and is purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT30020
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
A clear, sterile-filtered solution.
Definition and Classification

Developmental Pluripotency Associated (DPA) refers to a group of proteins and factors that are crucial in maintaining the pluripotency of stem cells. Pluripotency is the ability of a stem cell to differentiate into any cell type of the body. DPAs are primarily classified based on their roles in early embryonic development and their expression in pluripotent stem cells .

Biological Properties

Key Biological Properties: DPAs are characterized by their ability to maintain the undifferentiated state of stem cells. They are involved in regulating gene expression and epigenetic modifications .

Expression Patterns: DPAs are predominantly expressed in the inner cell mass of the blastocyst and in embryonic stem cells. Their expression is tightly regulated and diminishes as cells begin to differentiate .

Tissue Distribution: DPAs are mainly found in pluripotent cells during early embryonic development. They are also present in certain adult stem cells, although at much lower levels .

Biological Functions

Primary Biological Functions: DPAs play a critical role in maintaining the pluripotency and self-renewal of stem cells. They are involved in the regulation of gene expression and the maintenance of an undifferentiated state .

Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: While DPAs are primarily associated with stem cell biology, some studies suggest they may have roles in modulating immune responses and recognizing pathogens, although this area requires further research .

Modes of Action

Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: DPAs interact with various transcription factors and epigenetic regulators to maintain the pluripotent state. They form complexes with other proteins to regulate gene expression and chromatin structure .

Binding Partners: Key binding partners of DPAs include transcription factors such as Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog. These interactions are crucial for maintaining the pluripotent state .

Downstream Signaling Cascades: DPAs are involved in several signaling pathways, including the Wnt and TGF-β pathways, which are essential for maintaining pluripotency and regulating differentiation .

Regulatory Mechanisms

Transcriptional Regulation: The expression of DPAs is regulated by a network of transcription factors that ensure the maintenance of pluripotency. Key regulators include Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog .

Post-Translational Modifications: DPAs undergo various post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination, which modulate their activity and stability .

Applications

Biomedical Research: DPAs are extensively studied in the context of stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. They are used to understand the mechanisms of pluripotency and to develop stem cell-based therapies .

Diagnostic Tools: DPAs can serve as biomarkers for identifying pluripotent stem cells and monitoring their differentiation status .

Therapeutic Strategies: DPAs are being explored as potential targets for developing therapies for various diseases, including degenerative disorders and cancers .

Role in the Life Cycle

Development: DPAs are crucial during early embryonic development, where they maintain the pluripotent state of stem cells and regulate their differentiation into various cell types .

Aging and Disease: The expression of DPAs decreases with age, and their dysregulation is associated with various diseases, including cancer. Understanding their role in aging and disease can provide insights into developing new therapeutic strategies .

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