Recombinant Proteins

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PHB Human

Prohibitin Human Recombinant

Recombinant human PHB protein, produced in E. coli, is a single chain polypeptide. It consists of 292 amino acids (specifically amino acids 1 to 272), resulting in a molecular weight of 31.9kDa. The protein includes a 20 amino acid His-tag attached to its N-terminus and is purified using specialized chromatographic methods.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT8244
Source
E.coli.
Appearance
Clear, colorless solution that has been sterilized by filtration.

PHB2 Human

Prohibitin 2 Human Recombinant

This product consists of a recombinant human PHB2 protein produced in E. coli. It's a single polypeptide chain comprising 322 amino acids (residues 1-299) with a molecular weight of 35.7 kDa. The protein includes a 23 amino acid His-tag at the N-terminus and has been purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT8314
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
A clear solution that has been sterilized through filtration.
Definition and Classification

Prohibitin (PHB) refers to a family of highly conserved proteins found in various organisms, including humans, animals, fungi, plants, and unicellular eukaryotes . These proteins are classified into two main types: Type-I prohibitins (PHB1) and Type-II prohibitins (PHB2), based on their similarity to yeast PHB1 and PHB2, respectively .

Biological Properties

Key Biological Properties: Prohibitins are ubiquitously expressed proteins present in the nucleus, cytosol, and mitochondria . They play critical roles in mitochondrial functions, including bioenergetics, biogenesis, and dynamics .

Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: Prohibitins are highly expressed in cells that heavily depend on mitochondrial function . They are present in various tissues, including those involved in high metabolic activities such as the heart, liver, and brain .

Biological Functions

Primary Biological Functions: Prohibitins are involved in fundamental cellular processes such as cellular proliferation, mitochondrial housekeeping, and cell differentiation . They also play roles in regulating metabolism and signaling pathways .

Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Prohibitins act as adaptor molecules in membrane signaling and transcriptional co-regulators in the nucleus, contributing to immune cell functions .

Modes of Action

Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Prohibitins function as scaffold proteins, forming complexes with other proteins to regulate mitochondrial metabolism and dynamics . They interact with various signaling proteins, including kinases and phosphatases .

Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: Prohibitins bind to signaling proteins such as AMPK, C-RAF, and IKK, influencing downstream signaling pathways that control cell survival, proliferation, and metabolism .

Regulatory Mechanisms

Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: Prohibitins are regulated through transcriptional and post-translational modifications . These include phosphorylation by kinases such as Akt and protein kinase C, which affect their intracellular localization and interactions with other proteins .

Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: Prohibitins undergo various post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, which modulate their function and stability .

Applications

Biomedical Research: Prohibitins are studied for their roles in mitochondrial function and their implications in diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular diseases .

Diagnostic Tools and Therapeutic Strategies: Small molecules targeting prohibitins show promise in treating cancers, osteoporosis, inflammatory, cardiac, and neurological diseases . Prohibitins are also explored as potential biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis .

Role in the Life Cycle

Role Throughout the Life Cycle: Prohibitins play essential roles from development to aging and disease . They are involved in regulating cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis, contributing to tissue homeostasis and organismal health .

From Development to Aging and Disease: Prohibitins are critical in maintaining mitochondrial function, which is vital for cellular energy production and overall cellular health. Their dysfunction is associated with aging and various diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders .

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