Recombinant Proteins
Product List
NCK1 Human
NCK Adaptor Protein 1 Human Recombinant
NCK2 Human
NCK Adaptor Protein 2 Human Recombinant
Introduction
NCK adaptor proteins, also known as non-catalytic region of tyrosine kinase adaptor proteins, are ubiquitously expressed proteins that play a crucial role in cellular signaling. The NCK family consists of two main members: NCK1 (NCKα) and NCK2 (NCKβ or Grb4) . These proteins are characterized by their structure, which includes one Src homology 2 (SH2) domain and three Src homology 3 (SH3) domains .
Key Biological Properties: NCK proteins are involved in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton dynamics, which is essential for various cellular processes such as migration, adhesion, and morphogenesis .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: NCK1 and NCK2 are broadly expressed across various tissues, with some differences in their expression levels. NCK2 expression appears somewhat restricted compared to NCK1 .
Primary Biological Functions: NCK adaptor proteins are pivotal in signal transduction pathways, particularly those involving receptor tyrosine kinases. They facilitate the formation of protein complexes that are essential for downstream signaling .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: In T lymphocytes, NCK proteins play a significant role in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton during T cell receptor (TCR) activation, which is crucial for the formation of the immunological synapse . They also modulate host cell-pathogen interactions .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: NCK proteins act as scaffolds that link receptor tyrosine kinases to downstream effectors. The SH2 domain binds to phosphorylated tyrosine residues on receptors, while the SH3 domains interact with proline-rich sequences on other signaling proteins .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: NCK proteins interact with various binding partners, including PDGF, HGF, VEGF, and Ephrin receptors . These interactions lead to the activation of downstream signaling cascades that regulate actin polymerization and other cellular responses .
Regulatory Mechanisms: The expression and activity of NCK proteins are regulated at multiple levels. Transcriptional regulation ensures the appropriate expression of NCK genes in different tissues . Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, modulate the activity and interactions of NCK proteins .
Biomedical Research: NCK adaptor proteins are valuable tools in studying signal transduction pathways and cytoskeletal dynamics .
Diagnostic Tools and Therapeutic Strategies: Due to their involvement in critical signaling pathways, NCK proteins are potential targets for therapeutic interventions in diseases where these pathways are dysregulated .
