Recombinant Proteins
Product List
NME1 Human
Non-Metastatic Cells 1 Human Recombinant
NME1 Human, Active
Non-Metastatic Cells 1 Human Recombinant, BioActive
Recombinant human NME1, produced in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain comprising 152 amino acids (residues 1-152). It has a molecular weight of 17.1 kDa.
NME2 Human
Non-Metastatic Cells 2 Human Recombinant
NME2 Human, Active
Non-Metastatic Cells 2 Human Recombinant, active
Recombinant human NME2, expressed in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 152 amino acids (amino acids 1-152). It has a molecular mass of 17.2 kDa.
The product appears as a sterile, colorless solution.
NME3 Human
Non-Metastatic Cells 3 Human Recombinant
NME3 Human, Active
Non-Metastatic Cells 3 Human Recombinant, BioActive
Recombinant human NME3, expressed in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain. This protein consists of 169 amino acids (with amino acids 22-169 present) and has a molecular weight of 19.1 kDa. A 21 amino acid His tag is fused to the N-terminus of NME3. Purification is achieved using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
NME4 Human
Non-Metastatic Cells 4 Human Recombinant
NME4 Human, Active
Non-Metastatic Cells 4 Human Recombinant, BioActive
Recombinant human NME4, expressed in E. coli, is available as a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain comprising 176 amino acids (residues 33-187). With a molecular weight of 19.6 kDa, this protein variant includes a 21 amino acid His tag fused at the N-terminus. Purification is achieved through proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Introduction
Non-metastatic cells are cells that do not spread from their primary site to other parts of the body. They are typically associated with benign tumors, which proliferate and divide but do not invade surrounding tissues or metastasize . Non-metastatic cells can be classified based on their tissue of origin and their biological behavior. For example, non-metastatic cells in benign tumors of the breast, prostate, or thyroid are classified according to the specific tissue and cellular characteristics of those organs.
Key Biological Properties: Non-metastatic cells exhibit controlled growth and division, maintaining their function and structure similar to normal cells. They do not exhibit the invasive properties seen in metastatic cells.
Expression Patterns: Non-metastatic cells often express genes that regulate cell cycle, apoptosis, and differentiation. For instance, the non-metastatic cell 1 (NM23-H1) gene is known to suppress metastasis and is highly expressed in non-metastatic cells .
Tissue Distribution: Non-metastatic cells are found in various tissues throughout the body, depending on the type of benign tumor. They are localized to the tissue of origin and do not spread to distant sites.
Primary Biological Functions: Non-metastatic cells maintain normal tissue architecture and function. They contribute to the overall homeostasis of the tissue by regulating cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis.
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Non-metastatic cells can interact with immune cells to maintain tissue integrity. They may present antigens to immune cells, aiding in the recognition and elimination of pathogens .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Non-metastatic cells interact with surrounding cells through cell-cell adhesion molecules and extracellular matrix components. These interactions help maintain tissue structure and function.
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: Non-metastatic cells often bind to extracellular matrix proteins and cell surface receptors, activating signaling pathways that regulate cell growth and differentiation. For example, NM23-H1 interacts with various proteins to suppress metastasis and promote normal cell function .
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: The expression and activity of non-metastatic cells are regulated by various transcription factors, epigenetic modifications, and post-translational modifications. For instance, the NM23-H1 gene is regulated by promoter methylation and histone modifications .
Transcriptional Regulation: Transcription factors such as p53 and MYC can regulate the expression of genes involved in cell cycle control and apoptosis in non-metastatic cells .
Post-Translational Modifications: Non-metastatic cells undergo post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and acetylation, which modulate protein function and stability .
Biomedical Research: Non-metastatic cells are used in research to understand the mechanisms of tumor suppression and to develop therapies that prevent metastasis .
Diagnostic Tools: Biomarkers from non-metastatic cells can be used to distinguish between benign and malignant tumors, aiding in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer patients .
Therapeutic Strategies: Targeting the pathways and molecules involved in maintaining the non-metastatic phenotype can lead to the development of therapies that prevent cancer metastasis .
Role Throughout the Life Cycle: Non-metastatic cells play a crucial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis from development to aging. They ensure proper tissue function and prevent the spread of abnormal cells.
Development: During development, non-metastatic cells contribute to the formation and differentiation of tissues and organs .
Aging and Disease: In aging, non-metastatic cells help maintain tissue integrity and function. In diseases such as cancer, the loss of non-metastatic properties can lead to tumor progression and metastasis .
