Recombinant Proteins

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CNN2 Human

Calponin 2 Human Recombinant

Recombinant human CNN2 protein was produced in E. coli and purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques. This protein is not glycosylated and contains 154 amino acids (amino acids 1-131) with a molecular weight of 16.9 kDa. The recombinant CNN2 protein contains a 23 amino acid His-tag at the N-terminus.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT3272
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Clear solution, sterile filtered.

CNN1 Human

Calponin 1, Basic, Smooth Muscle Human Recombinant

Recombinant human CNN1, expressed in E. coli, is a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 34.2 kDa. It consists of 305 amino acids, including an 8 amino acid His-tag at the C-terminus (amino acids 1-297). Purification is achieved using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT3224
Source
E.coli.
Appearance
Clear, colorless solution, sterile filtered.
Definition and Classification

Calponin is a calcium-binding protein that plays a crucial role in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction. It is primarily known for its ability to inhibit the ATPase activity of myosin in smooth muscle . Calponin is classified into three isoforms based on their isoelectric points and tissue distribution:

  • Calponin 1 (CNN1): Basic calponin, predominantly found in smooth muscle.
  • Calponin 2 (CNN2): Neutral calponin, present in both smooth muscle and non-muscle cells.
  • Calponin 3 (CNN3): Acidic calponin, found in various tissues including non-muscle cells .
Biological Properties

Key Biological Properties: Calponin is an actin filament-associated protein that regulates the interaction between actin and myosin, crucial for muscle contraction . It is composed of three domains: the Calponin Homology (CH) domain, the regulatory domain (RD), and the Click-23 domain .

Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: Calponin is expressed in both smooth muscle and non-muscle cells. The expression patterns vary among the isoforms:

  • CNN1: Highly expressed in smooth muscle tissues.
  • CNN2: Found in smooth muscle and various non-muscle cells.
  • CNN3: Distributed in a wide range of tissues, including non-muscle cells .
Biological Functions

Primary Biological Functions: Calponin regulates smooth muscle contraction by inhibiting the actin-activated myosin ATPase . It also plays a role in non-muscle cell motility, including adhesion, migration, proliferation, phagocytosis, wound healing, and inflammatory responses .

Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Calponin is involved in the immune response by regulating the motility of immune cells, such as macrophages, during pathogen recognition and phagocytosis .

Modes of Action

Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Calponin interacts with actin and myosin to regulate muscle contraction. It binds to actin filaments through its CH domain and inhibits myosin ATPase activity . Calponin can also bind to other actin-binding proteins and phospholipids .

Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: Calponin’s interaction with actin and myosin is regulated by calcium and calmodulin. When calcium binds to calmodulin, it can phosphorylate calponin, releasing its inhibitory effect on myosin ATPase . This regulation is crucial for smooth muscle contraction and relaxation .

Regulatory Mechanisms

Transcriptional Regulation: The expression of calponin is regulated at the transcriptional level by various factors, including mechanical signals and cellular stress .

Post-Translational Modifications: Calponin undergoes phosphorylation, which modulates its activity. Phosphorylation by protein kinases, dependent on calcium-calmodulin binding, releases calponin’s inhibition of myosin ATPase .

Applications

Biomedical Research: Calponin is used as a marker for smooth muscle differentiation and is studied for its role in muscle physiology and pathology .

Diagnostic Tools: Calponin antibodies are used in immunohistochemistry to differentiate between smooth muscle and non-muscle tissues, aiding in the diagnosis of various cancers .

Therapeutic Strategies: Understanding calponin’s role in muscle contraction and cell motility can lead to therapeutic strategies for conditions like cancer metastasis, inflammatory diseases, and smooth muscle disorders .

Role in the Life Cycle

Development: Calponin is essential for the proper development of smooth muscle tissues during embryogenesis .

Aging and Disease: Changes in calponin expression and function are associated with aging and various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and cancer . Calponin’s role in regulating cell motility and muscle contraction makes it a critical factor in maintaining tissue homeostasis throughout life .

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