Recombinant Proteins
Product List
CNN1 Human
Calponin 1, Basic, Smooth Muscle Human Recombinant
CNN1 is fused to an 8 amino acid His-tag at C-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
CNN2 Human
Calponin 2 Human Recombinant
Introduction
Calponin is a calcium-binding protein that plays a crucial role in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction. It is primarily known for its ability to inhibit the ATPase activity of myosin in smooth muscle . Calponin is classified into three isoforms based on their isoelectric points and tissue distribution:
Key Biological Properties: Calponin is an actin filament-associated protein that regulates the interaction between actin and myosin, crucial for muscle contraction . It is composed of three domains: the Calponin Homology (CH) domain, the regulatory domain (RD), and the Click-23 domain .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: Calponin is expressed in both smooth muscle and non-muscle cells. The expression patterns vary among the isoforms:
Primary Biological Functions: Calponin regulates smooth muscle contraction by inhibiting the actin-activated myosin ATPase . It also plays a role in non-muscle cell motility, including adhesion, migration, proliferation, phagocytosis, wound healing, and inflammatory responses .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Calponin is involved in the immune response by regulating the motility of immune cells, such as macrophages, during pathogen recognition and phagocytosis .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Calponin interacts with actin and myosin to regulate muscle contraction. It binds to actin filaments through its CH domain and inhibits myosin ATPase activity . Calponin can also bind to other actin-binding proteins and phospholipids .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: Calponin’s interaction with actin and myosin is regulated by calcium and calmodulin. When calcium binds to calmodulin, it can phosphorylate calponin, releasing its inhibitory effect on myosin ATPase . This regulation is crucial for smooth muscle contraction and relaxation .
Transcriptional Regulation: The expression of calponin is regulated at the transcriptional level by various factors, including mechanical signals and cellular stress .
Post-Translational Modifications: Calponin undergoes phosphorylation, which modulates its activity. Phosphorylation by protein kinases, dependent on calcium-calmodulin binding, releases calponin’s inhibition of myosin ATPase .
Biomedical Research: Calponin is used as a marker for smooth muscle differentiation and is studied for its role in muscle physiology and pathology .
Diagnostic Tools: Calponin antibodies are used in immunohistochemistry to differentiate between smooth muscle and non-muscle tissues, aiding in the diagnosis of various cancers .
Therapeutic Strategies: Understanding calponin’s role in muscle contraction and cell motility can lead to therapeutic strategies for conditions like cancer metastasis, inflammatory diseases, and smooth muscle disorders .
Development: Calponin is essential for the proper development of smooth muscle tissues during embryogenesis .
Aging and Disease: Changes in calponin expression and function are associated with aging and various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and cancer . Calponin’s role in regulating cell motility and muscle contraction makes it a critical factor in maintaining tissue homeostasis throughout life .
