Recombinant Proteins

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Protein-L Cys, His

Protein-L Cys Recombinant, His Tag

Recombinant Protein-L, expressed in E.Coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain. It features a 6xHis tag at the N-terminus and a Cys residue at the C-terminus. This protein encompasses 5 IgG-binding regions (B1-B2-B3-B4-B5), totaling 373 amino acids with a molecular mass of 41.6 kDa. Despite its actual molecular weight, it appears as a 46 kDa band on SDS-PAGE. The recombinant Protein-L has been engineered to remove cell wall binding, cell membrane binding, and albumin binding regions, ensuring maximal specificity for IgG binding.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT9873
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White Lyophilized Powder

Protein-L, His

Protein L Recombinant, His Tag

Recombinant Protein-L, expressed in E.Coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain with a 6×His tag fused at its N-terminus. This protein comprises 5 IgG-binding regions (B1-B2-B3-B4-B5) of the native Protein L, encompassing a total of 372 amino acids. While its molecular mass is 41.5kDa, it appears as a 46kDa band on SDS-PAGE. To ensure maximum specific IgG binding, the cell wall binding region, cell membrane binding region, and albumin binding region have been removed from the recombinant Protein-L.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT9961
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized powder.

SPA 33.4kDa

Staphylococcal Protein-A 33.4kDa Recombinant

Recombinant SPA, produced in E. coli, is a non-glycosylated polypeptide composed of two identical chains (homodimer). Each chain consists of 296 amino acids, totaling a molecular weight of 33.4 kDa. The protein features five IgG-binding domains (E-D-A-B-C) arranged sequentially. Notably, regions responsible for cell wall binding, cell membrane binding, and albumin binding have been removed to ensure highly specific IgG binding with minimal interference.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT10045
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile, white, lyophilized powder.

SPA Long

Staphylococcal Protein-A Long Form Recombinant

Produced in E. coli, SPA Recombinant Long Form is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain. This form encompasses five IgG-binding domains (E-D-A-B-C) arranged sequentially, resulting in a protein composed of 422 amino acids with a molecular weight of 46.6kDa.

Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT10131
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized powder.

SPA, His

Staphylococcal Protein-A Recombinant, His Tag

Our SPA Recombinant, produced in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain. Featuring a 6xHis tag at the C-terminus, it encompasses five IgG-binding domains (E-D-A-B-C) in series. With 306 amino acids and a molecular weight of 34.7 kDa, it contains minimal to no carbohydrates. The cell wall, cell membrane, and albumin binding regions have been removed to maximize specific IgG binding.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT10225
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized powder.

Protein-A/G/L

Protein A/G/L Recombinant

Recombinant Protein-A/G/L, expressed in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain. This protein consists of 805 amino acids, encompassing five IgG-binding regions from Protein A (E-D-A-B-C), two from Protein G (C1-C3), and five from Protein L (B1-B2-B3-B4-B5). Its molecular mass is 89.2kDa. The recombinant Protein-A/G/L is designed for optimal IgG binding specificity, achieved by eliminating the cell wall binding region, cell membrane binding region, and albumin binding region.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT9494
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized powder.

Protein-A/G/L-Cys

Protein A/G/L-Cys Recombinant

Recombinant Protein-A/G/L, expressed in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain with a C-terminal Cys tag. This 89.3 kDa protein consists of 806 amino acids, encompassing five IgG-binding regions from Protein A (E-D-A-B-C), two from Protein G (C1-C3), and five from Protein L (B1-B2-B3-B4-B5). The recombinant Protein-A/G/L is engineered for maximum IgG binding specificity by eliminating cell wall binding, cell membrane binding, and albumin binding regions.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT9560
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized powder.

Protein-G His

Protein G His Tag Recombinant

Recombinant Protein G His Tag, produced in E. coli, is a 201 amino acid protein. It encompasses amino acids 190-384 of the Streptococcus sp protein with a C-terminal 6-His tag, resulting in a molecular mass of 21.6 kDa. However, it exhibits an apparent molecular mass of 32 kDa in SDS-PAGE analysis. Protein G His Tag is purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT9643
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile, lyophilized white powder.

Protein A/G

Protein A/G Recombinant

Recombinant Protein A/G is engineered to optimize IgG binding. It comprises five IgG-binding regions derived from protein A and two from protein G, representing the core binding domains of these proteins. This recombinant version excludes the cell wall binding region, cell membrane binding region, and albumin binding region, ensuring highly specific IgG binding. Specifically, the Protein A portion originates from Staphylococcus aureus segments E, D, A, B, and C, while the Protein G portion comes from Streptococcus segments C1 and C3. With a predicted molecular mass of 47.7kDa, this 429-amino acid fusion protein is a powerful tool for IgG purification and detection.

Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT9145
Source
Escherichia coli.

Protein Cys-A/G

Protein Cys-A/G Recombinant

Protein-A/G Recombinant, produced in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain with a cysteine residue added at the N-terminus. This recombinant protein consists of 430 amino acids, encompassing five IgG-binding regions from protein A (E-D-A-B-C) and two from protein G (C1-C3), resulting in a molecular mass of 47.8 kDa. The design specifically excludes the cell wall binding region, cell membrane binding region, and albumin binding region to ensure maximum specificity for IgG binding.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT9203
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized powder.
Definition and Classification

Protein A is a 42 kDa surface protein originally found in the cell wall of the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. It is encoded by the spa gene and is known for its ability to bind immunoglobulins, particularly the Fc region of IgG .

Protein G is derived from Streptococcus species and also binds to the Fc region of IgG. It has a broader binding range compared to Protein A, making it useful for different species and subclasses of IgG .

Protein A/G is a recombinant fusion protein that combines the IgG-binding domains of both Protein A and Protein G. This fusion enhances its binding capabilities, making it ideal for a wide range of IgG subclasses from various species .

Biological Properties

Key Biological Properties:

  • Protein A: Composed of five homologous Ig-binding domains that fold into a three-helix bundle. It binds to the heavy chain within the Fc region of most immunoglobulins .
  • Protein G: Contains multiple IgG-binding domains and binds more strongly to certain subclasses of IgG .
  • Protein A/G: Combines properties of both Protein A and Protein G, providing versatile binding capabilities .

Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution:

  • Protein A: Expressed on the surface of Staphylococcus aureus.
  • Protein G: Found in Streptococcus species.
  • Protein A/G: Recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli for research and industrial purposes .
Biological Functions

Primary Biological Functions:

  • Protein A: Disrupts opsonization and phagocytosis by binding IgG molecules in the wrong orientation .
  • Protein G: Enhances immune response by binding to a broader range of IgG subclasses .
  • Protein A/G: Combines the functions of both Protein A and Protein G, making it highly effective in immune response modulation .

Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition:

  • Protein A: Helps Staphylococcus aureus evade the host immune system by binding to IgG .
  • Protein G: Plays a role in immune evasion for Streptococcus species .
  • Protein A/G: Used in research to study immune responses due to its broad binding capabilities .
Modes of Action

Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells:

  • Protein A: Binds to the Fc region of IgG, disrupting normal antibody function .
  • Protein G: Binds to the Fc region of IgG, enhancing immune response .
  • Protein A/G: Combines the binding mechanisms of both Protein A and Protein G .

Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades:

  • Protein A: Binds to IgG, affecting downstream immune signaling .
  • Protein G: Binds to IgG, influencing immune cell activation .
  • Protein A/G: Versatile binding affects multiple signaling pathways .
Regulatory Mechanisms

Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity:

  • Protein A: Regulation controlled by DNA topology, cellular osmolarity, and a two-component system called ArlS-ArlR .
  • Protein G: Expression regulated by environmental factors in Streptococcus .
  • Protein A/G: Recombinant expression regulated by genetic engineering techniques .

Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications:

  • Protein A: Transcriptional regulation involves spa gene expression .
  • Protein G: Regulated by genes in Streptococcus .
  • Protein A/G: Engineered for optimal expression in Escherichia coli .
Applications

In Biomedical Research:

  • Protein A: Used in antibody purification and immunoprecipitation .
  • Protein G: Preferred for purifying antibodies from various species .
  • Protein A/G: Ideal for a wide range of immunological studies .

Diagnostic Tools:

  • Protein A: Utilized in diagnostic assays to detect antibodies .
  • Protein G: Used in diagnostic kits for its broad binding range .
  • Protein A/G: Employed in various diagnostic applications due to its versatility .

Therapeutic Strategies:

  • Protein A: Investigated for potential therapeutic uses in immune modulation .
  • Protein G: Explored for therapeutic applications in enhancing immune responses .
  • Protein A/G: Potential therapeutic uses in immunotherapy .
Role in the Life Cycle

Role Throughout the Life Cycle:

  • Protein A: Plays a role in the survival and virulence of Staphylococcus aureus .
  • Protein G: Contributes to the pathogenicity of Streptococcus species .
  • Protein A/G: Used in research to study protein interactions throughout various stages of life .

From Development to Aging and Disease:

  • Protein A: Involved in bacterial infection processes .
  • Protein G: Studied for its role in bacterial infections and immune responses .
  • Protein A/G: Utilized in research to understand protein functions in health and disease .
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