Recombinant Proteins
Product List
Y.Enterocolitica (O:9) YopE
Yersinia Enterocolitica (O:9) YopE Recombinant
Escherichia Coli.
Y.Enterocolitica (O:9) YopH
Yersinia Enterocolitica (O:9) YopH Recombinant
Y.Enterocolitica (O:9) YopH is expressed with a 10xHis tag at N-terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Y.Enterocolitica (O:9) YopM
Yersinia Enterocolitica (O:9) YopM Recombinant
Y.Enterocolitica (O:9) YopN
Yersinia Enterocolitica (O:9) YopN Recombinant
Y.Enterocolitica (O:8) YopM
Yersinia Enterocolitica (O:8) YopM Recombinant
Y.Enterocolitica (O:9) LcrV
Yersinia Enterocolitica (O:9) LcrV Recombinant
Y.Enterocolitica (O:9) YopB
Yersinia Enterocolitica (O:9) YopB Recombinant
This product is a recombinant form of the YopB protein from Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:9. It is produced in insect cells and purified to a high degree. The protein is glycosylated, meaning it has sugars attached to it, and has a molecular weight of approximately 43 kDa. The protein also includes a His tag to facilitate purification.
Sf9, Baculovirus cells.
The product is a clear, colorless, and sterile solution.
Y.Enterocolitica (O:9) YopD
Yersinia Enterocolitica (O:9) YopD Recombinant
Introduction
Yersinia enterocolitica is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium belonging to the family Yersiniaceae . It is motile at temperatures between 22–29°C but becomes non-motile at human body temperature . Y. enterocolitica is classified into six biogroups based on phenotypic characteristics and over 57 O serogroups based on their lipopolysaccharide (LPS) surface antigen . Pathogenic strains are typically found in biogroups 1B and 2-5 .
Y. enterocolitica exhibits unique biological properties, including the ability to adhere to and invade host cells using surface proteins such as invasin and YadA . It is widely distributed in nature, found in the intestinal tracts of mammals, birds, and cold-blooded species . Pathogenic strains are often isolated from pigs, dogs, sheep, and environmental water sources . The expression of virulence factors like invasin is temperature-regulated, with higher expression at lower temperatures .
The primary biological function of Y. enterocolitica is to cause yersiniosis, a disease characterized by diarrhea, ileitis, and mesenteric lymphadenitis . The bacterium’s cell surface structures, such as LPS and enterobacterial common antigen (ECA), play significant roles in virulence by providing adhesive properties and resistance to host immune responses . Y. enterocolitica also interacts with the host’s immune system, evading phagocytosis and inhibiting inflammatory responses .
Y. enterocolitica employs several mechanisms to interact with host cells and molecules. It uses the type III secretion system (T3SS) to inject effector proteins into host cells, manipulating host cell behavior . The bacterium’s surface proteins, invasin and YadA, facilitate binding to host cells and entry . The T3SS is activated upon host cell contact and can rapidly toggle between secretion and cell division .
The expression and activity of Y. enterocolitica’s virulence factors are tightly regulated. The yop genes, which encode Yersinia outer proteins, are regulated by environmental cues through a post-transcriptional mechanism involving the yscM1 and yscM2 genes . The AraC-like regulator YbtA and the iron-responsive negative regulator Fur also play roles in regulating the bacterium’s virulence systems .
Y. enterocolitica has several applications in biomedical research, particularly in studying bacterial pathogenesis and host-pathogen interactions . Diagnostic tools for detecting Y. enterocolitica include chromogenic media and CRISPR/Cas12a-based nucleic acid identification platforms . Therapeutic strategies focus on targeting the bacterium’s virulence factors and regulatory mechanisms to prevent and control infections .
Throughout its life cycle, Y. enterocolitica plays a role in various stages of development, aging, and disease. The bacterium’s ability to adhere to and invade host cells is crucial for establishing infection . Its regulatory mechanisms allow it to adapt to different environmental conditions and host immune responses . The T3SS is essential for the bacterium’s survival and replication within host cells .
