Recombinant Proteins
Product List
HLA-C Human
Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I C Human Recombinant
HLA-DOA Human
Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II DO Alpha Human Recombinant
HLA-F Human
Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I F Human Recombinant
HLA-G Human
Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I G Human Recombinant
HLA-DOB Human
Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II DO Beta Human Recombinant
HLA-DRA Human
Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II DR Alpha Human Recombinant
HLA-DRB1 Human
Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II DR Beta 1 Human Recombinant
HLA-DRB1 Human, Sf9
Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II DR Beta 1 Human Recombinant, Sf9
HLA-DRB1, a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain, is produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells. This protein consists of 207 amino acids (30-227a.a.) and has a molecular weight of 24.0kDa. However, on SDS-PAGE, the molecular size appears to be approximately 28-40kDa. This discrepancy is due to glycosylation. The HLA-DRB1 protein is engineered with a 9 amino acid His tag at the C-terminus to aid in purification, which is carried out using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Introduction
The Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) system, also known as the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in humans, is a group of genes located on chromosome 6 that encode cell-surface proteins responsible for the regulation of the immune system . HLA genes are divided into three main classes:
- Class I HLA: Includes HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C. These molecules are present on the surface of all nucleated cells and present peptides from inside the cell to cytotoxic T cells (CD8+ T cells) .
- Class II HLA: Includes HLA-DP, HLA-DQ, and HLA-DR. These molecules are primarily expressed on professional antigen-presenting cells such as B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, and present extracellular peptides to helper T cells (CD4+ T cells) .
- Class III HLA: Encodes components of the complement system and other molecules involved in inflammation .
HLA molecules are highly polymorphic, meaning they have many different alleles, which allows for a diverse range of peptide presentation and fine-tuning of the immune response . Key biological properties include:
- Expression Patterns: Class I HLA molecules are expressed on all nucleated cells, while Class II HLA molecules are primarily expressed on antigen-presenting cells .
- Tissue Distribution: Class I HLA molecules are ubiquitous, whereas Class II HLA molecules are found on immune cells and can be induced on other cell types by interferon-gamma .
The primary biological functions of HLA molecules include:
- Immune Response: HLA molecules present peptide antigens to T cells, initiating immune responses .
- Pathogen Recognition: By presenting pathogen-derived peptides, HLA molecules enable the immune system to recognize and respond to infections .
- Self vs. Non-Self Discrimination: HLA molecules help the immune system distinguish between self and non-self cells, preventing autoimmune reactions .
HLA molecules interact with other molecules and cells through several mechanisms:
The expression and activity of HLA molecules are tightly regulated through various mechanisms:
HLA molecules have numerous applications in biomedical research and clinical practice:
- Biomedical Research: HLA typing is essential for understanding immune responses and disease associations .
- Diagnostic Tools: HLA typing is used in organ transplantation to ensure compatibility between donors and recipients .
- Therapeutic Strategies: HLA molecules are targets for immunotherapies and vaccine development .
HLA molecules play crucial roles throughout the life cycle:
- Development: HLA molecules are involved in the development of the immune system and the selection of T cells in the thymus .
- Aging: Changes in HLA expression and function can affect immune responses in aging individuals .
- Disease: HLA polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to various diseases, including autoimmune disorders and infections .
