Recombinant Proteins

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TREM1 Human

Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 1 Human Recombinant

This product consists of the recombinant human TREM1 protein, produced in E. coli. It is engineered as a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain encompassing amino acids 21 to 205 of the TREM1 sequence. A 24 amino acid His-tag is attached to the N-terminus to facilitate purification. The protein has a molecular weight of 23.3 kDa and is purified using proprietary chromatographic methods to ensure high purity.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT18346
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
A clear solution that has been sterilized by filtration.

TREM2 Human

Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 Human Recombinant

This product consists of the extracellular domain of human TREM2, specifically amino acids 19-161, expressed in E. coli and purified to a high degree. The recombinant protein is not glycosylated and has a molecular weight of 20.4 kDa. To facilitate purification and detection, a 38 amino acid Histidine tag is fused to the N-terminus.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT18422
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Clear and colorless solution that has been sterilized by filtration.

TREM2 Human, HEK

Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 Human Recombinant, HEK

Recombinant human TREM2 is a glycosylated polypeptide chain consisting of amino acids 19-174. It has a molecular weight of 18.2 kDa and includes a 6-amino acid His-tag at the C-terminus. The protein is purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT18482
Source

HEK293 Cells.

Appearance
A clear, colorless solution that has been sterilized by filtration.
Definition and Classification

Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells (TREM) is a family of cell surface receptors that play a crucial role in the immune response. The most well-known members of this family are TREM-1 and TREM-2. TREM-1 is primarily involved in amplifying inflammatory responses, while TREM-2 has a more regulatory role, often inhibiting inflammation .

Biological Properties

Key Biological Properties: TREM-1 and TREM-2 are part of the immunoglobulin superfamily and are transmembrane proteins. They are involved in the regulation of inflammation and immune responses .

Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: TREM-1 is constitutively expressed on the surface of peripheral blood monocytes and neutrophils and is upregulated by toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands . TREM-2 is expressed on activated macrophages, immature dendritic cells, osteoclasts, and microglia .

Biological Functions

Primary Biological Functions: TREM-1 amplifies the immune response by promoting the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines . TREM-2, on the other hand, plays a role in immune surveillance, cell-cell interactions, and tissue debris clearance .

Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: TREM-1 enhances the toll-like receptor (TLR)-4-induced inflammatory response, which is crucial for pathogen recognition and the subsequent immune response . TREM-2 is involved in the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and tissue debris, thus playing a role in maintaining tissue homeostasis .

Modes of Action

Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: TREM-1 signals through the adapter protein DAP12, leading to the activation of downstream signaling pathways such as the MEK/ERK and NF-κB pathways . TREM-2 also signals through DAP12, activating the PI3K/Akt pathway, which promotes cell survival and phagocytosis .

Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: TREM-1 and TREM-2 interact with various ligands, although the specific ligands for TREM-1 are not well-characterized . The activation of these receptors leads to the production of cytokines and chemokines, which amplify the immune response .

Regulatory Mechanisms

Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: The expression of TREM-1 is upregulated by TLR ligands, which are recognized during infections . TREM-2 expression is regulated by factors secreted in the extracellular environment, such as nucleotides and lipid mediators .

Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: TREM-1 and TREM-2 are regulated at the transcriptional level by various cytokines and signaling pathways. Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation of DAP12, are crucial for the activation of downstream signaling pathways .

Applications

Biomedical Research: TREM-1 and TREM-2 are studied extensively for their roles in various diseases, including sepsis, autoimmune diseases, and cancers .

Diagnostic Tools: Elevated levels of soluble TREM-1 (sTREM-1) in the blood can serve as a biomarker for sepsis and other inflammatory conditions .

Therapeutic Strategies: Targeting TREM-1 and TREM-2 with specific inhibitors or activators holds potential for treating inflammatory diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancers .

Role in the Life Cycle

Role Throughout the Life Cycle: TREM-1 and TREM-2 play essential roles from development to aging. TREM-1 is involved in the acute inflammatory response, while TREM-2 is crucial for tissue homeostasis and the resolution of inflammation .

From Development to Aging and Disease: During development, TREM-2 is involved in the maturation of dendritic cells and osteoclasts . In aging, dysregulation of TREM-2 is associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease .

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