Recombinant Proteins

p53
LBP
CEA
HLA
TCL
TTC
NPM
MAF
Bax
BID

RAC2 Human, 189a.a

Ras-Related C3 Botulinum Toxin Substrate 2 (1-189) Human Recombinant

RAC2 Human Recombinant is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 23.3 kDa. It is produced in E. coli and consists of 209 amino acids, including a 20 amino acid His tag fused at the N-terminus (1-189 a.a.). The protein is purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques to ensure high purity.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT11401
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Clear, colorless solution, sterilized by filtration.

RAC3 Human

Ras-Related C3 Botulinum Toxin Substrate 3 Human Recombinant

RAC3 Human Recombinant, produced in E.Coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain. It comprises 189 amino acids (1-189 a.a.) and has a molecular weight of 21kDa. The purification of RAC3 is achieved through proprietary chromatographic methods.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT11490
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
A clear, colorless solution that has been sterilized by filtration.

RAC1 Human

RAC1 Human Recombinant

RAC1 Human Recombinant, produced in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain with 192 amino acids and a molecular weight of 21.4 kDa.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT11195
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Clear, colorless solution, sterilized by filtration.

RAC1 Human, His

Ras-Related C3 Botulinum Toxin substrate 1 Human Recombinant, His Tag

Recombinant Human Ras-Related C3 Botulinum Toxin substrate 1, expressed in E. coli, is a non-glycosylated polypeptide chain. It consists of 212 amino acids (1-192 a.a.) with a 20 amino acid His Tag at the N-terminus, resulting in a molecular weight of 23.6 kDa. Purification is achieved using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT11246
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Clear, colorless solution, sterilized by filtration.

RAC2 Human

RAC2 Human Recombinant

Recombinant RAC2, expressed in E. coli, is a non-glycosylated polypeptide chain lacking any post-translational modifications. It consists of 419 amino acids with a molecular weight of 47 kDa. For purification purposes, RAC2 is expressed with a GST-tag and purified using standard chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT11333
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
The product is a clear, colorless solution that has been sterilized by filtration.
Definition and Classification

Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) is a small (~21 kDa) signaling G protein, specifically a GTPase, and a member of the Rac subfamily within the Rho family of GTPases . Rac1 is encoded by the RAC1 gene and is involved in regulating a diverse array of cellular events .

Biological Properties

Key Biological Properties: Rac1 is a cytoskeleton regulatory protein that regulates cell adhesion, morphology, and movement . It is highly expressed in various tissues and is associated with poor prognosis in different types of tumors .

Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: Rac1 is ubiquitously expressed in human cells and tissues, including insulin-sensitive tissues such as adipose tissue and skeletal muscle . It is also significantly expressed in the brain, where it plays a critical role in axonal growth during neuronal development .

Biological Functions

Primary Biological Functions: Rac1 regulates several cellular processes, including the cell cycle, cell-cell adhesion, motility, and epithelial differentiation . It also plays a role in glucose transport by regulating the translocation of glucose-transporting GLUT4 vesicles to the plasma membrane in response to insulin .

Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Rac1 is involved in the immune response by promoting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by NADPH oxidase . It also plays a role in phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and epithelial cell polarization .

Modes of Action

Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: In its active state, Rac1 binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such as secretory processes, phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, and epithelial cell polarization . It also interacts with the mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3)-mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 (MKK7)-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling module to accelerate diabetic nephropathy .

Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: Rac1 interacts with MLK3 directly, promoting the assembly of the MLK3-MKK7-JNK signaling module . It also regulates cell adhesion and movement by promoting actin cytoskeleton remodeling .

Regulatory Mechanisms

Transcriptional Regulation: The expression of Rac1 is regulated by various transcription factors and signaling pathways that respond to cellular and environmental cues .

Post-Translational Modifications: Rac1 activity is controlled by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), which stimulate the release of GDP and promote the binding of GTP . The inactive state of Rac1 is maintained by guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (GDIs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) .

Applications

Biomedical Research: Rac1 is a potential target for cancer therapy due to its role in regulating cell migration, invasion, and metastasis . Inhibitors of Rac1 are being explored for their potential in cancer prevention and treatment .

Diagnostic Tools: Rac1 expression levels can serve as biomarkers for the prognosis of various cancers .

Therapeutic Strategies: Targeting Rac1 signaling pathways can provide therapeutic benefits in conditions such as diabetic nephropathy and cancer .

Role in the Life Cycle

Development: Rac1 plays a crucial role in neuronal development by stimulating axonal growth and counteracting growth inhibitory signaling .

Aging and Disease: Over-activation of Rac1 is associated with cancer progression and metastasis . It also plays a role in the development of diabetic nephropathy by accelerating renal damage through the activation of the MLK3-MKK7-JNK signaling module .

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